Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/584

 5C)0 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. posts, and 6 feet high at the front posts, and to have angle spars or warpings (diagonal braces) on each side 4 inches by 1 incli and a half, and properly nailed. 1213. Racks. The racks to be 2 feet 10 inches broad, the sides to be 6 inches by 2 inches and a half, and the spars to be 2 inches and a quarter by 1 inch and a quarter, sunk five eighths of an inch into the sides, at the distance of 3 inches and a quarter apart, and well nailed. 1214. Mangers. The mangers to be 20 inches at the top by 16 at the bottom, and 10 inches deep ; the wood to be 1 inch and a half thick at the bottom, and the sides to be 1 inch and a quarter thick. The under racks (standard racks, or racks standing on the ground) to be 2 feet 3 inches high ; the rails at the top and bottom to be 3 by 2 inches and a half, and to have a run-beam (front rail) rounded on the top, 4 by 3 inches, fixed along the top of the racks, with rings for securing the horses. Each box or manger to have a back lining or skirting on the top, where it joins the wall, sloping backwards, to prevent any of the corn from being lost. A piece of bond wood, 5 by 3 inches, to be built into the wall for fixing the harness-pins. 1215. Plaster-work. The stables for saddle-horses and the boiling-houses to get all one coat of plaster on the walls, and the ceilings to be all lathed and plastered round the back of the cupples and balks with two coats of plaster. A ventilator to be made in the ceiling of the boiling-house. The front walls of the work-horse stable also to get a coat of plaster, to prevent the harness from being injured by rubbing against the rough wall. The dressing-barn and granaries all to get one coat of plaster, and especial care to be taken to have the plaster applied close down to the floors, and close up to the under side of the boards over the joists, to prevent vermin from being admitted. 1216. Slate-work. The whole of the roofs to be covered with Easdale or Ballachou- lish slates. The slates to have 2 inches of cover over the nail at bottom, and diminishing gradually to 1 inch and a half at the top, all being put on with nails of 12 lbs. to the thousand, and boiled in linseed oil. The whole of the ridges and flanks to be covered with milled lead 1 2 inches broad, 6 lbs. to the superficial foot. The piends (piens, or ridge pieces) to be covered with lead 10 inches broad, 6 lbs. to the superficial foot. 1217. Court or Yard Gates. The gate-posts to be sunk 3 feet into the ground, and burned or charred as far as they go into the ground ; the posts to be 9 inches square, champhered on the corners, and set 3 inches clear of the pillars, and to stand 9 inches above the gate, rounded on the top, and built in the ground with stone and lime 4 feet in diameter. The hanging style of the gate to be 5 by 4 inches ; the falling style to be 4 by 3 inches ; centre piece to be 3 inches and a quarter by 2 inches and a quarter ; angle spar to be 1 inch and three eighths thick, 4 inches and a half broad at the foot, tapering to 3 inches and a half at the top. The uppermost spar to be of l;|-inch iron at the end next the hanging style, diminishing to the falling style to three quarters of an inch ; to go through the posts with a shoulder and an eye at the hanging style, and a screw nut on tlie end at the falling style. The crooks to be put into the gate-posts with nuts on the ends. The spars of the gate to be 4 inches broad at the hind end, diminishing to 3 inches and a half at the front, by 1 inch and a quarter thick; the intersections put together with ^inch screw bolts. 1218. Painting. The whole of the outside doors, windows, and gates to get three coats of oil paint, the windows to get a coat before being glazed. 1219. Wood. The whole of the wosd used to be of Memel timber, well chosen. The barn and granary floors may be laid with Dram battens. Sect. II. Examples showing the Manner of displaying Architectural Style in Farm Buildings. 1 220. To display Style in Farm Buildings, the main resource is the expression of the walls ; and, as these are for the most part only one story high, it is chiefly to be effected by the vertical bond ; or, in other words, by the supports of the roof. The form of the roof is also another source of style ; and that of the openings, or doors and windows, a third source. Something also may be effected by the disjilay of the ornaments peculiar to different styles ; but this resource is altogether unsuitable for buildings of so simple a character as those in use for carrying on the business of a farm. The three styles most easily displayed in farm buildings are, the Grecian, the Roman or Italian, and th j Cbtliic. 1221. A Farmery in the Grecian Style is represented in the perspective view, fig. 1094, the ground plan in fig. 1095, and the exterior elevations in figs. 1036 to 1098. On inspecting the ground plan, it will be found that, instead of common walls, the found- ations of the difTercnt buildings consist of pillars, either equidistant, or at double distances from each other. The smallest distance between these pillars or piers is such as is considered suitable for the opening of a door or window ; so that, by removing a pillar, an opening of a double width is formed, or one suitable for a cart or carriage way. In the plan before us, fig. 1095, we have adopted such a width as is not only