Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/554

530 substratum is obtained for founding upon, and to be at least 1 8 inches below the level of the door soles (sills). The foundation to be laid with large flat-bedded stones on a bed of lime, and to be laid in 12 inches wider than the thickness of the walls, as figured in the plan, and to be reduced to their regular thicknesses at the surface level.

1088. Rubble-work. The whole of the walls to be executed of the best rubble building, with the stones laid all on their flat and natural beds, and properly hearted and packed (the interior filled in solid with mortar and chips) with well prepared lime and sharp sand ; and all the joints to be clean, and neatly drawn in with the edges of the trowel, particularly the west elevation, which will be done in coursed work with the very best picked stones from Bangley quarry. The whole of the external elevations to be executed with new materials, and all the old stones to be used in the inside walls. All the gable tops (upper parts of the cross walls) to be carried close up to the slates.

1089. Hewn Work. The whole of the corners, door and window rybats (reveals), soles and lintels, stair-steps, crow-steps (barge-stones rising above one another like stairs, see fig. 1053), balls and points (ornaments; see the figures), chimney-tops, skews, pillars and arches, and arches of cart-shades (cart-sheds), archways for the gate- way and bailiff's house, the jambs and hearths, also the pavement in the riding-stable, gig-house, and at the stair foot, to be all executed in broached work, with droved mar- gins (or draughted and broached; that is, worked round the joints with a chisel, about three quarters of an inch on the face, and the remaining part of the face, roughly done with a pick, as in fig 1056: common broached ashlar is without the draughted or droved edges, and is simply dressed with the pick, or pointed or chisel edge of the hammer, as in fig. 1057) as will be directed.

1090. Heelpost Stones. The stable posts, and posts in front of the feeding-troughs, to have heel-stones 12 inches square and 18 inches long, properly squared, and droved on the top; with a hole receiving the posts 2 inches deep.

1091. Causewaying (Paving). The stables, loose-house (stable or place for a sick horse, mare and foal, cow about to calve. Sec), byres, and piggeries to be all neatly causewayed (paved) with good rubble cause-way ; and all these apartments to have proper declivities and channels for carrying off the water into the open courts.

1092. Wall Coping. The walls in the open courts to have semicircular hammer-dressed (dressed with the chisel end of the hammer) freestone copes (coping), and the tops of the pillars or piers to the gateway openings to be finished with a square plinth and semicircular droved stone; the top stones (the course of stones immediately under the coping) to be in single blocks.

1093. Troughs. The feeding-troughs to be built up solid with stone and lime to a proper height; and the soles to be laid with droved pavement close joined, and not less than 3 inches thick.

1094. Engine-house. The engine stalk (shaft or chimney) to be carried up with brick from the level of the wall heads to the height of 45 feet from the level of the engine-house floor. The flues to be 20 inches square inside, and the sides of the flues to be built with quicklime, and the floor of the engine-house to be laid with clean droved pavement. A tunnel to be built for the engine 10 feet long, 6 feet deep by 2 feet 3 inches wide, the sides and ends of the tunnel to be built with rubble-work 2 feet thick, and lined upon the face with droved ashlar, and the bottom to be laid with droved pavement. The tradesman to build in the boiler for the engine, and to furnish what fire and other bricks may be required for that purpose. The whole of the external corners of the pillars of the cart and cattle sheds to he neatly rounded.

1095. Corn-barn. The floor of the corn-barn to be sunk down 15 inches deeper than the level of the door sole, and dwarf walls built every five feet apart, and 12 inches thick, for supporting the sleepers; the whole space below the floor to be filled up close to the under bed of the flooring, with small broken stones, and to be run full of thin grout lime, on purpose to prevent vermin from getting through the floor.

1096. Stables. The wall heads of the stables, corn-barn, granary, hayloft, and cow-house to be beam-filled close up from the top of the walls to the roofs. Recesses are to be left in the stable wall behind the horses, seven feet high, as shown by the drawing, for the reception of the harness, and of the corn-chest.

1097. The Ventilators to be put through the front wall of the stable, as shown by the