Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/494

 470 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. 944. Stahh- jritidowx. The stable windows are to be made ingoing ones (recessed from the inside), in order that corn-chests may be fitted into them. The upper sashes are to be astragal ones, glazed with third crown glass, and the under ones are to be sliding wooden frames, for ventilation, See. The back wall of the barn is to be simk sufficiently deep for the wheel of the threshing-mill and the race (horse-course) from it. The hewn work is all to be jointed with oil putty, and all the rubble-work is to be built with good lime mortar. 945. Inside Lintels. The inside lintels of the door and window spaces are to be of British oak timber ; they are to be proportioned in size to the width of the respective spaces ; and they are all to have 12 inches of bearing on each end (or bond). 946. Roofs. All the roofs are to be constructed, as shown by the plans, with trussed principals ; which are all to be of the dimensions figured on the respective sections. These principal couples (rafters) are to be placed at no greater distance from each other than 6 feet 6 inches between their centres. The purlins are to be 7 inches by 3 inches and a half, and placed no farther asunder than 3 feet 6 inches. The rafters are to be 2 inches and a quarter square, and placed no farther asunder than 16 inches between their centres. All the roofs are to have sawn laths 1 inch and a quarter by five eighths of an inch each. 947. Slating. The whole of the roofs of these office-houses are to be covered with second Lancashire slates (or as the case may be), hung with 3Iemel timber pins ; and they are to be rendered with good plaster. They are to have 3 inches of bond at the eaves ; but the bond may gradually diminish to 2 inches at the ridges. The under eave- courses are to be laid full, and they are to be double-nailed at the shoulders with 1 2-lb. nails. The ridges and piens are to be slated water-proof, before the pien and ridge-stones are laid over them. The gables are to be slated over, and the skew-stones (the coping- stones of the gables, called barge-stones in England) are to be laid over the slates, but to project 3 inches over the line of the walls, and to be pointed along the ends of the slates under them with Roman cement. The eaves slates are to project 4 inches beyond the line of the tabling. The ridge and pien stones are to be of fine droved work ; they are to be made correctly to the angles of the respective roofs ; to be closely jointed with oil putty ; and, when perfectly dry, to be painted with three coats of oil paint, the same colour with the slates. 948. Joists. The joists of the granary floors are to be 12 inches by 2 inches and a quarter, and placed no farther asunder than 16 inches between their centres : they are to have a tier of bracing along the centre of each floor, 1 1 inches by 1 1 inches. Those of the stable lofts are to be 8 inches by 2 inches, and placed no farther asunder than 1 8 inches between their centres. The flooring is all to be 1 inch thick when finished, and none of the boards are to exceed 7 inches in breadth ; they are all to be feathered and grooved. The granaries and haylofts are to be finished all round with skirting, not less tlian 5 inches higli ; the walls of the haylofts are to be plastered at least 9 inches above the skirting ; and the walls of the granary are to be plastered at least 2 feet above the skirting. 949. Doors. The whole of the doors of the office-houses are to be stout batten ones. The front boards are not to be less than seven eighths of an inch thick, and the battens are not to exceed 6 inches in breadth ; the back battens are to be 1 inch thick, those of the small door to be not less than 7 inches broad, and those of the large ones not less than 9 inches broad. These doors are all to be hung with stout crooks and bands. The <loors of the stables, barn, byres, granaries, calf-house, potato-house, and coal-house are each to have stock-locks, value 4s. each ; and the doors of the granaries and stables are to have likewise thumb latchets. All the other doors are to be secured with bolts, &c. All the hinges, &c., are to be proportioned in size to the size of the respective doors. 950. Stables. The stables are to be fitted up with stall partitions of 2-inch battens, fixed in oak posts 6 inches square, with canted corners; and they are to be fixed under l)eams 6 inches square, which are to extend the whole length of each stable, under ti>c joists of the hayloft. The feeding (or hay) cribs of the stables are to be constructed like mangers; but they are to be about 18 inches deep and 18 inches wide at the top ; and nre to have two slanting iron bars rising from the front of them to the wall, at an angle of about 45". The corn manger occupies about one third part of the width of the stall, and the feeding-crib the other two thirds (as shown by detailed drawings). The gra- nary windows are to be sliding-framed ones, or they may be made with shades similar to Venetian ones, proper for ventilation, &c. 951. Cattle-sheds. The cattle-sheds to be fitted up with feeding-cribs, the bottoms ofwliieh are to be raised 9 inches above the level of the floors; they are to liave 3 rails in front, fixed to the upright posts. The upper one is to be 4 inches by 3 inches, the middle one 3 inches by 1 inch and a half, and the under one 5 inches by 1 inch and a half. The bottom rails are to be 2 inches by 1 inch and a half, and placed no more tlian 1 inch and a half apart. The side next the fotherum is to be finished with 1-inch