Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/493

 FARM HOUSES AND FARMERIES IN VARIOUS STYLES. 469 945 938. Office Hoti.ies. — liuhhle Walls. The foundations of the thick walls are to be laid with large flat-bedded rubble-stones, and the whole of the walls are to be good rubble-work, properly built in the heart with good lime mortar ; and such a proportion of large bond stones to be used throughout the whole of them, that they shall not be more than four feet apart, in any direction, on either side of the walls. 939. Hewn Work, -c. The door and window rybets, sills, and lintels are to be of droved freestonework ; they are all to have canted corners (the sharp angle of the corner cut off). The scunchcons of the doors are to be splayed 4 inches wider inside than at the rybet cheeks (see § 282, and fig. 262), and their inner corners are all to be rounded. In-bond rybets with 12-inch heads are to be built at proper heights for fixing the crooks of the door hinges. The lintels arc to be at least 12 inches square. The vi'indow sills are to be weathered (beveled so as to throw oflT the rain) at least 2 inches, exclusive of a sinking for the wood sills, as shown by the sections. All the external corners are to be of droved work. The wall-head tablings (copings beveled to throw off the rain) are to be of droved work 3 inches thick, and to project 5 inches beyond the line of the walls. The door scuncheons and lintels of the cart-house and loose cattle sheds are to be neatly draughted and scappled (stones are said to scappled or scabbled, when they are dressed with the pick end of the hammer ; they are called draughted and scappled when worked round the edges or joints with a chisel and hammer-di-essed in the centre), and the corners canted with droved work. The pillars for the cattle are to be in one stone each, and to be finished in a similar manner with the scuncheons. The door scuncheons, sills, and lintels of the barn- ventilators, &c., are to be draughted and scappled. 940. Barge Stones over the Slates. Droved stones 4 inches thick, weathered on the upper side, are to be built into the walls of the high buildings, along the lines of the roofs of the low ones that intersect them ; these stones are to project at least 4 inches in front of the walls, to cover the ends of the slates, and to lie close upon them, fig. 945 ; and ragalets (grooves), 2 inches deep into the walls, are to be made under these stones, to receive the ends of the slates. In fig. 945, a is the wall, b the situation of the groove, in which the slate, c, is shown inserted ; d is the upper part of the wall ; e, the weathered stone inserted into it ; /, the rafter ; and g, the wall-plate. 941. Floors. The barn is to be floored with the hardest freestone pavement that can be procured in any particular quarry in the neighbourhood. The flags are to be square- jointed, and set with oil putty ; and they are to be laid on a preparation of whinsiones, similar to that specified for the floors in the dwelling-house. There is to be a 6-inch skirting built into the walls at the level of the floor, so that the flooring may be jointed to it with putty. This is to prevent the operations of vermin. The floors of the pig-houses are to be laid with rough flags closely jointed ; and these floors are to have a current of at least 9 inches from the back walls towards the doors. The stables, byres, and all the other houses not specified above, are to be paved (pitched) with small whinstones set in sand, and all the requisite sewers are to be made in the cattle-sheds, stables, &c. The byre is to have a freestone kerb along the sides of the grip (gutter), the stones of which are to be 16 inches deep and 4 inches and a half thick, and placed so that they will stand 6 inches above the bottom of the grip, all as shown by the plans. 942. Partitions of Byre. The byre is to have stall partitions of freestone, each to be in one stone 4 feet 6 inches by 5 feet, which are to be sunk into the ground 1 foot, and on each side of these partitions there is to be an iron rod, with a sliding shackle (fig. 946 is a section across a stone partition, in which the iron rods at A A are the shackles) upon it, upon which the collar is fixed for binding the cow. The feeding-ci-ib is fitted up with rough droved work, and the partition between it and the fotherum (foddering-passage) is to be of freestone flags set on end, and to stand at least 2 feet 6 inches high above the crib. All these are shown by the detailed plans and sections. 943. Cope of Court Walls, &cc. The court walls of the pig-houses are to have a cope (coping) 6 inches thick, of draughted and scappled work ; but the joints are to be droved and jointed with oil putty. The cope is to be laid even with the walls on both sides. The walls of the kitchen-court, large court, dung-court, &c., are to be covered with a 3-inch cope of droved work jointed with putty. The cope is to be laid even with tlie walls, on the sides next the large court and cattle-sheds ; but it is to project 3 inches on the side next the kitchen court, 2 inches on the side next the dung-court, and 6 inches on the side next the garden. 946