Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/459

 FARM HOUSES AND FARMERIES IN VARIOUS STYLES. 4-3.5 the south, and overlooked in that direction by the windows of the bailiffs house. There is no stable in this farmery, all the field labour being performed by four jiair of oxen, which stand in the cattle-shed. The surface water may be supposed to be con- veyed from the passage roimd the farm-yard by a gutter, forming a line of demarcation between that passage and the space for the dunghill in the centre, and having traps com- municating with an underground drain. The water from the roofs may be collected by guttei-*, at the eaves, and conveyed to the same underground drain as that which carries off the surface water. All the liquid matter of the cow-house, cattle-sheds, and pigsties shoidd be collected by gratings into covered gutters, and by them conveyed to two liquid manure tanks in the centre of the yard, over which should be placed the dunghill ; and, if the greatest economy of manure, and also a pattern to surrounding farmers, were, as we think they ought to be, leading objects, this dunghill ought to be covered with a roof. 867. Construction. The walls are built of local sandstone, with the exception of the south wall of the cow-house, and of the west wall of the granary ; both of which are of studwork, weather-boarded. The roof, over the cattle-shed and hay-store is to be covered with pantiles, and all the other roofs with hoop chips. Hoop chips are the shavings made by the coppice cutters, when splitting and preparing large hoops from long hazel and other rods grown in coppice woods : they are generally upwards of an inch broad, a quarter of an inch or more thick, and from 18 inches to 3 feet in length. They are laid on, and sewed to the laths, like thatch ; and, after a few years, are hardly to be known from a roof of that description. Their durability, when the roof is so steep as to throw off the water effectually, is equal to that of tUes, and they require less repair. Fig. 888 is the south elevation, in which may be seen the manner in which the oak gate- posts are kept firm in their places, by the underground braces, to the subsills, n n. Fig. 889 is the back elevation of the cow-house, in which are seen, to the right, the 889 gable end of the granary, and its outside step-ladder. Fig. 890 is the front elevation of the cow-house and the slaughter-house ; showing the manner in which the former is ventilated by luffer-boarding under the eaves. Fig. 891 is an elevation of the waggon- house, with the granary over, in which is seen a side view of the outside wooden stair or step-ladder; and, under the ground line, the inverted arches, on the abutments of which the stone bases of the story posts are placed. These stone bases are shown in fig. 892, 890 892 [in