Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/378

 354 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA AIICMITECTURE. BOOK II. nESIGNS FOR FARM HOUSKS AND FARMF.RIES, COUNTRY INNS, AND PAKOCHIAI. SCHOOLS. 701. The Designs which compose this Booh are calculated for three of the most important occuimtioiis of man in civilised society ; viz., that of raising food on a large scale ; that of furnishing all domestic comforts to travellers and others, who are absent from or have no home ; and that of the education of youth. The last subject does not necessarily Ijelong to an Eiicijclopcedia of Domestic Architecture ; but, as our main object ill this work is the amelioration of the great mass of society in all countries, and as we consider education as the source of all amelioration, and, in fact, as the only means of IHcparing the most dejjressed part of society for appreciating and obtaining the comforts and conveniences which we are pointing out to them, we find that the parochial school, for the purpose of mutual instruction, is the most important feature for the accomplishment of our object ; and, as such, ought not to be passed over unnoticed in a work like the present. 702. The Arrangement of these Designs will be in three chapters ; viz., on Fariris, on Inns, and on Schools. The first section in each chapter will consist of Fundamental Princii>les and Model Designs, on which the ]Iiscellaneous Examples given in the second section of the same chapter are founded ; and the third section of each chapter will be devoted to such Furniture as may be peculiar to tlte class of subjects of which that chapter treats. Chap. I. Designs for Farm Houses and Farmeries, exhibiting various Degrees of Accommodation, from the Farm of Fifty to that of One Thousand Acres, suitable to different Kinds of Farming, and in different Styles of Architecture. 703. A Farm House differs from other dwellings, more in the circinnstance of its situation, being adjoining a farmery, than in its accommodation ; but still tlicre are some extra-arrangements, which require to be provided for in designing it, according to the kind of produce raised on the farm, the manner in which it is manufactured or disposed of, and the inode of lodging the labourers employed. 704. A Farmery, or set of buildings necessary for carrying on the business of a farm, consists of various structures and enclosures ; some for lodging animals, and others for securing farm produce, for keeping farm implements, and for otlicr piu'i)Oses ; with yards for enclosing cattle, and for preparing or keeping manure ; others for containing ricks of corn, and stacks of hay, or other produce. The house in which the farmer resides is no essential part of a farmery, and is therefore left out of view in this enumeration of its leading features. These features are three : the buildings, the court-yard, and the rick-yard. The rick-yard does not form an essential part of the farmery ; because but little inconvenience would result from having the ricks placed apart from the farm ; and, indeed, in some jiarts of Britain the produce of every field is formed into a rick, or ricks, in one of its corners. The two essential parts of a farmery, then, arc the buildings and the court-yard ; and all the variations of which these are susceptible, in jioint of design, are founded on their relative position with regard to each other. Thus, all farmeries may be included under two classes ; viz., those in which the buildings siu-round the court-yard, and those in which the court-yard snrroiuids the buildings ; and a model of each mode must necessarily be the groundwork of every variation or combination of the component parts of a farmery. 705. The Divisions of the Buildings of a Farmery admit also, to a certain extent, of being founded on model plans ; because the animals which, in temperate climates, are to be lodged in them, are every where of llie same species, and require the same extent and kind of accommodation and food ; because the manner of threshing out grain is, or may be, the same throughout the world ; and because the implements to be woikcd by the same animals cannot differ greatly in bidk in different countries. Previously, there- fore, to giving Model Plans for Farm Houses and Farmeries, as a whole, we shall submit General Principles, and give Model Designs and Directions, for the construction of their component parts. 706. Every particular situation and kind of Field Culture requires an appropriate arrangement in its Farmery ; therefore our object, in giving Model Designs, is chiefly to embody principles in a tangible shape, to which practical men may recur for general rules for application to jjeculiar localities. The manner of applying these rules we shall