Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/35

 MODEL COTTAGES, 11 1 K, roof; and on this floor may be laid, first, a layer of faggots, and on these built the com or hay as a stack or stacks, and thatched in the usual manner. This would save the expense of tiles or slates, and also the ground that would otherwise be requisite as a rick-stand. r r. Two cesspools for liquid manure, i. e. for all the drainings of the open yard after they have passed through the dung-pit, p, for the water of the two closets, and that pro- ceeding from the sink to be described hereafter, including soap-suds and all waste or foul water made on the piemises. As it is found advantageous that liquid manure should undergo fermentation before it is used, two cesspools become necessary, and also an arrangement by which the supplies from the different sources can be turned into either cess- pool at pleasure. s, The situation of two plug-holes, for regulating the admission of water to the cesspools. The well containing these plug-holes is, in horizontal dimensions, one foot square, and in depth, three feet. The sides are built of brick or stone, and the bottom is formed of one stone, containing the two holes, each of which is three inches in diameter ; the left hand hole communicating with the left hand cesspool, and the right hand hole with the other cesspool. A plug, with a handle four or five feet long, is to be used for stopping the communication with the cesspool which is filled and undergoing fermentation : and as these pools are alternately filled and emptied, the plug can be removed from the one hole in the regulating well to the other. These pools are placed without the open yard, in the supposed garden, for the greater convenience of emptying them. t t, The level part of the platform, or terrace, on which the house appears to stand, and which will be better understood by referring to figs. 6 and 17, or to Designs IV. and V. u, Point at which this platform commences to incline gradually till it terminates at v. w, Sloping sides of the platform ; the slope being 45° in stiff loamy soils, and 30° or less, in loose soils. The platform may be covered with turf, or ornamental plants, and finished with a parapet or low hedge, as will be afterwards described. X, Steps for ascending the platform, opposite the principal door of the cottage. y z, Entrance porch : y represents the steps leading up to the living floor, and z the steps leading down to the cellar floor. If the front of such a porch were to any other quarter than the south-east, the porch should be larger, with an exterior door ; if it fronted the south-west, the entrance to the porch ought to be on its south side, for the sake of protection from the weather. ^■, Shelves for bee-hives ; the upper part of which may be fitted up as a dove-cote, and the lower part as a dog- kennel. 17. The Section AB of Jig. 3, is represented in fig. 1. It shows the reserve tank, a ; the opening for inserting the cock for drawing supplies from it, b ; and the sink, c. 18. Tlie Section C D of fig. 3, is represented in fig. 2. with the open area before it, e, covered with a grating, /. 19. The Plan and Section of the Cellar floor, shewing the heating flue, and the foundations, are given in figs. 3 and 4. a, Steps of descent to the cellar. These steps are represented in Design I. by the letter z. b, Apartment serving as a back-kitchen, wash-house, brew-house, bake-house, &c., as well as for boiling or scalding food for the cow, pigs, and poultry. c, Store cellar and larder for potatoes, beer, home-made wines, fresh and salt meat, and similar articles of provision. d, Milk-house and pantry ; in the farther corner in the ceiling ought to be a small grated opening, communicating with the air-flue in the wall, to promote ventilation ; the exterior window ought to be of wire or hair cloth, which both excludes air and heat or cold. e, Copper for brewing, washing, heating water for the bath, &c., unless a copper pot or iron box is fixed over the oven, when a separate copper becomes unnecessary. /, Oven for baking, and also for heating the floor of the living-room and family bed-room. g, Termination of the double covering of the flue, commencing at the oven,/. (See also letter g, in fig 4.) k, Brick-on-edge work, for strengthening the sides of the flues. i, Loose round stones between the flues, for the purpose of retaining heat r It shows the cellar window, d,