Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/192

 168 COTTAGK, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE, 332. General Estimate. Cubic contents, 12,563 feet, at C</. per foot, £-314 ; Is. 6d.- at 4d., £-209: 7s. : M. ; and at 3d., £l57 : Os. : 9d. 333. Remarks. The arrangement of the plan of this cottage is not favourable to economy in its execution, from the greater length than breadth of the body of the build- ing, from the breaks and recesses in the walls, and from the raised part of the roof. All tliese deviations from the cube, which, it will be recollected, is the perfect form, increase the expense in proportion to the accommodation afforded. There can be no doubt, however, that this would be a comfortable building, because the heated air from the kitchen, a, would always keep the bed-room over it warm ; and the fire both of the kitchen and the back kitchen might, by very little contrivance, render a fire at all times unnecessary in the room d, which might, according to circumstances, be made a shop or a parlour. Were it desirable to enlarge Ihis dwelling, it might be done with great effect, by opening the door from a, as in tig. 3)5, in which i is the additional room ; k, a small court-yard, containing the pigsty, /, and liquid manure tanks, m ; the apartment e, in Design XLVL, being considered in this ground plan as a cow-house. We have shown a walk, n n, surrounding this cottage, which leaves between it and the slope of the plat- form a border of an irregular width, o o, &c., which may either be covered with turf, or with shrubs, flowers, and two or three trees. Like Design XLV., this building, present- ing a simple outline against the sky, is well adapted for a situation where it would be backed by a broken outline of wood. Having no windows in the ends, it is also better adapted for being viewed in front only, or chiefly, than for being seen on all sides. Design XL VII. — Two Cottages for Country Labourers, under One Hoof, ivith Four Rooms in each, Back lutchen. Pigsty, and other Conveniences. 334. Accommodation. Each of these dwellings contains an entrance lobby, a ; kitchen, b ; back kitchen, c ; parlour or best bed-room, d ; staircase, e ; dairy, f; place for fuel, g; cow-house, h ; privy, i; and pigsty, k. The chamber floor of each house contains a bed- room, /, with a landing, m, from the staircase, n ; and another bed-room, u. We have not shown the yard which would be necessary to the cow-house and pigsty, as we think it more probable that these appendages will be applied to other purposes. 335. Construction. The walls may be of stone ; but, as they exhibit few breaks or angles, they might be very advantageously built hollow, with bricks on edge, in Dearn's manner. In a country where fuel is abundant, we should recommend the floors of the kitchen and parlour to be of boards ; but where fuel is scarce and dear, or chiefly wood, we should prefer having the floors paved, in order that they may be heated by a flue from the back kitchen. Or, a flue may be made above the floor, so as to form a bench, in the Chinese manner {Mech. Mag., vol. iv. p. 362.) ; in several returns one over another, so as to form a stove, in the German manner ; or in one of the partitions, as in the flued walls of gardens. Having recommended Dearn's mode of hollow walls as applicable to this building, we shall here proceed to describe it. 336. Dearn's Method of building hollow Brick Walls. The manner of bonding the work is shown in fig. 306, which is an elevation and section of part of a wall. " The three 306 1 1 1 1 i 1 — r 1 1 1 1 1 1 4. lower courses, q, the upper one of which is proposed to be level w ith the floor, are in tended as a footing to the superstructure, and are laid in what is called the old English manner, consisting of alternate courses of headers and stretchers. The next course above is a stretching course on edge, p, and the backing course is like it, leaving an in- terval between of the width of half a brick ; these are then covered with a heading course, r, laid flat ; and the same system is pursued until the whole height required be