Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/188

164 a massive and architectural effect, forming a very complete system of vertical and horizontal bond or chain work, as the French term it; and they are supported and harmonised by the horizontal panels in the chimney stack. Where the perfection of architectural expression is aimed at, all walls should be built either on the principle of vertical and horizontal bond, by projecting piers and horizontal bands; or, on that of squared stones or bricks, with or without piers and bands. The pretensions of a wall to strength would thus, at all times, be obvious at a single glance. By altering the destination of some of the parts of the ground-plan, this building might be rendered fit for the habitation of what is called a genteel family. Thus, h and i might be joined in one, and form a small bed-room or book-room, to the parlour, e; and h, in like manner, might be made a bed-room, or a dressing-room, connected with d. The appendages, h, i, k, might be got in a separate building, connected by a lattice-roofed arcade, covered with ivy, from the door of c.

Design XLVI. —A Cottage Dwelling, with Four Rooms, with a Back Kitchen, Cellar, and other Conveniences.

328. The accommodations of this dwelling are, as usual, a kitchen, a, with closet under the stair, h ; back kitchen, b ; parlour, c ; bed-room d ; cellar, e ; dusthole, or place for fuel f; and privy, g : there is a bed-room over the kitchen; and two useful garrets, one over c, e,f, and the other over b, d, g, which may be lighted from the ends. The apartment e may, in this, as in most of the other Designs, be used either as a cellar or a cow-house, or a place for keeping fuel and lumber ; or as a receptacle for potatoes and other roots, or whatever may be most desirable in the given locality. We are of opinion that in most parts of Britain it will not be found profitable for the labourer to keep a single cow ; but we are aware that in most parts of Scotland and Ireland, as well as in the north of France, the cottager never thinks himself comfortable without one. We are aware, also, that there are objections to having a cow-house and pigsty too close to a dwelling; but it will be recollected that much depends on the manner in which these animals are kept; and that, by disposing of the liquid part of the manure in the manner we have directed, and having the door of the cow-house so far apart from the door of the house as we have always shown it, the practical inconvenience would not be felt. We think the apartment for a cow ought to be added to all cottages not having a cellar, because, if not used for the former purpose, it may be applied to the latter; and a cellar is almost every where a great source of comfort to the cottager.

329. Construction. The paneled piers may be built of stone in courses, or of brick ; or they may be framed of wood, and filled in with brick, and covered with cement. The same may be observed as to the architrave which rests on these piers or pilasters, and supports the roof. The interspaces between the pilasters may be formed of pisé, of brick or clay nogging, of rubble stone, of pebbles, of flint, or, in short, of any material which will support its own weight, and be of sufficient thickness to keep out the weather, and maintain a steady temperature; for the weight of the roof in this Design, and in Design XLV., is supposed to be carried by the piers. As a good deal of the beauty of this, and indeed of most designs for cottages showing pilasters, depends on the materials with which the panels or cementitious part of the wall is filled up, we shall here introduce a few remarks on the materials for walls, with a view of directing the reader's attention to the subject.

330. Materials for Walls. The design, the style, the accompaniments, and all other circumstances, being the same, the effect of the walls of a cottage being of squared stone, of rubble stone, of red, yellow, or white bricks, of flints, of pebbles, of mud, or of boards, will be very different; and more so to the ordinary spectator than to the artist, or to the eye accustomed to study the effect of forms, shades, lines, and colours, in some measure, independently of materials. The nature of the material, therefore, of which the walls of a cottage are built, is a fertile source of variety, where several cottages are to be built on the same estate ; or where a village is to be formed, in which variety of character in the