Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/112

 88 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. 181. The Garden has four main compartments, m, n, o, and p, for the usual four year rotation of kitchen crops; two small compartments, q, q, supposed to be used, the one, as a yard for faggot wood, &c., and the other as a rick-yard ; and four small compartments, r, s, t, and u, for fruits, shrubs, and flowers. 182. General Estimate. Cubic contents, 11,178 feet, at 6rf. per foot, £279:95.; at d., £186 : 65. ; and at Zd., £139 : Us : 6d. 183. Expression. This Design, like the preceding one, aims at nothing more than the expression of the svihject. To both, might be given a character of elegance, as well as a solid addition in point of comfort, by a surrounding veranda. To fit both these Designs for receiving this addition, the tops of the windows are kept two or three feet under the eaves. If the veranda were formed with an opaque roof, it would merely serve as a shelter, and a cover under which to dry clothes, seeds, Indian corn, and tobacco, and to work or walk under in rainy weather ; but, if the roof were glazed, with a trellis under it, grapes and peaches might be grown all round the house (the diagonal of the square being a north and south line), and all the former advantages obtained in equal perfection. The architectural beauty of this Design, as well as its internal convenience, might be greatly heightened by a judicious porch, and by a window in the roof over the entrance door; but these improve- ments we leave to be contrived by our readers ; requesting them to take out their pencils and make the attempt; and assuring them, that nothing will contribute more to their improvement, as architectural designers. Design XXII. — A Dwelling for a Gardener, or other Servant, on a Gentleman's Estate, who has a Wife, but no Children. 184. The Accommodation of this cottage consists of a lobby, a ; a small kitchen, b, with an oven ; a light closet from the kitchen, c; and a bed-room, d, with a small light closet, e, which may be used as the gardener's library. This closet will be kept sufficiently dry and warm by its proximity to the oven. From the lobby, is portioned off a small closet for fuel, /. 185. Construction. The walls are supposed to be of common brick, or of flints, with piers and coins, in the form of pilasters, built of brick, of a superior description; or, if brick should not be the material employed, the plain part of the walls may | gg be composed of rubble stone, or random jointed ashlar work (free stone, rough as it comes from the quarry, laid in irregular courses), and the pilasters of tooled stone. The plain parts of the walls may also be of earth, and the pilasters of brick or stone ; or both the plain parts and pilasters may be built of earth ; the former being rough cast, and the latter covered with cement, scored (lined) in imitation of stone, and lime-whited. The roof is framed at a low pitch (low angle of the sides), and covered with Italian semi-cylindrical tiles, fig. 163, in the manner practised in the^neigh- bourhood of Florence, fig. 164. The chimney top, fig. 165, on a j^^ scale of half an inch to a foot, is built with a far projecting cornice, supported by blocks, with intervals between, suitable for swallows' nests. The windows would have been more in character with this manner of building, obviously somewhat Italian, if they had been foi-med of two frames, lengthways, the whole height of the window, and hinged at the sides, so as to open inwardly ; but the comfort of a sash window to a poor man, in a cold climate like that of Britain, is so great, that the British architect may well feel justified in adopting it in preference to the Italian form. In a building of a higher class, or for a warmer country, we should, probably, not so easily have formed an excuse for him, because there is a real advantage in being able to throw open the entire space occupied by the window ; and this never can be done in the case of suspended sash-windows, where no more can be opened than one-half. 186. Situation. If this dwelling be erected for a gardener, it should, of course, be placed near the garden ; and, if the health of the gardener, or that of his wife, be any object to the proprietor, it ought to be in a dry, open, airy situation ; and not placed, as such houses very frequently are in Britain, among dug ground, thickly planted with trees and shrubs, where there can be neither good 165