Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/111

 COTTAGE DWELLINGS IN VARIOUS STYLES. 8" liable to be considered as a deception practised on the inexperienced eye, and an arcliitect might thereby mislead his employer. Perhaps the architect may say that he intends glass to be put in these windows, in which case they would not be distinguishable from real ones, either in the drawing, or in the reality. If so, our objections are less strong ; but still we disapprove of the expense of false windows in such a building as a cottage. A third objection to this dwelling is, that sufficient consequence is not given to the entrance. So large a cottage, and one of so much pretension, ought sui-ely not to be entered as it were by stealth. One other objection, and we have done : — the window in the roof is too low, and not fit for ventilating sufficiently, so large a room as the one it opens into. 178. Improvement. We would remove the three-quarter columns and the false windows ; place a porch over the main door, fig. 156, m, and extend the roof of the back kitchen in such a manner as to form a covered fa-ea for drying clothes, fig. 156, n, which might also serve as a play-ground for children, or, in hot countries, for occasionally dining under. We would also enlarge and raise the window in the roof, because there can be no perfect ventilation unless windows reach nearly to the ceiling. This done, the ground plan would be as in fig. 156, and the elevation (chimney pots and a terrace parapet being added), as in fig. 157. Design XXI. — A Dwelling for a Man and Ids Wife, withoul Children. 179. Accommodation. We have here, in a compact form, and under a pavillion roof, a dwelling of the humblest class ; very well calculated for two persons, but not for more. It contains a kitchen, a, in which is an oven; a bed-room, b; two light closets from the bed-room, c and d ; and two from the kitchen, e and/. In this, as in most of the preceding Designs, some accommodation for lumber may be obtamed the roof, to which there should be an opening in the ceiling, closed by j -o a door, with a hinged ladder, for ascent and descent. This ladder when not in use, is easily kept suspended to the ~ ceiling, by a hook at one end. By '^ substituting hooks and staples, as in fig. 158, for hinges, the ladder may be taken off at pleasure, and used fot other purposes. The cow-house and yard, g ; and the pigsty, poultry-house, place between them for fuel, liquid manure tank, and privy, h, are supposed to be placed in the garden. 180. Construction. The walls may be of earth, rough stone, or whatever may be the cheapest material in the particular locality. If they are built of brick, they should be made hollow, either according to the method already mentioned (§ 25), or according to that of Silverlock or of Dearn ; both of which will be afterwards described. The roof in this dwelling is shown as covered with large slates. No gutter is added round the eaves, fig. 159, in this, as in many other of the Designs ; because this essential accompaniment is of the same form in most buildings of the cottage kind, and is easily added, either as a tinned, copper, zinc, or cast-iron half cylinder. The most durable, the most convenient, and, ultimately, the cheapest gutter, is a segment of a hoHow cast-iron pipe, fig. 160; supported by jgQ iron brackets, fig. 161. The brackets are nailed to the face of the eaves, as at fig. 159, k, and have sometimes rivetted to them tinned iron straps, fig. 162, I, the ends of which are folded over the gutter, to hold it in its place. Each length of gutter overlaps the other ; and when the slope, for giving a current to the water, is less than one inch in a yard, the one piece of gutter is bedded on the other in putty, or in white lead. If the water is not to be preserved for use, it may be conducted to a drain, by an upright pipe or tube, in one or two places (§ 84, figs. 60 and 61); but, if it is to be collected for filtration, the slope of the guttering, on all the sides of the house, ought to be directed to one point, where a descending tube should conduct the water to a receiving tank (see § 31).