Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/1027

 ENTRANCE LODGES AND GATES. K^OS J 798 ^ft at Leeswold, in Flintshire, are among the most celebrated in England. they were erecte'l under the direction of Switzer, and will be found figured in the works of different tourists. An excellent work on Roman Gateways, by Donaldson, contains many beautiful designs adapted for towns j a"d Robertson's Gate Zorf^es affords resources for the Villa Architect. Some elaborate designs for wrought-iron gates, which have been executed at Nancy, are er.graved in the Becueil des Fondations, &-c., of that city ; and some others ■^'Ul be found in Vingboon's Architecture, and in that of Dietterlin. A number of rich designs executed in cast iron are common to the Birmingham trade, and may be examined, together with niAEv original drawings, in the pattern books of ^lessrs. Cottam and Hallen. The most elaborate cast-iron gates in England are those of the triumphal arch, which forms the entrance to the Green Park fiom Piccadilly ; they are bronzed, and, at all events, are excessively rich, as are the cast-iron railings of the same kind flanking the entrance into Hyde Park. These cast-iron gates and rails are bronzed, which is a verv suitable kind of colouring for them. In the palisading to the gardens of the summer palace at Petersburgh, is a description of iion railing combining elegance with magnificence, in which the ornaments are gilt ; but which are not so abundant as to be no longer con- sidered as such. In the English gates the ornaments cover the whole. Fig. 1799 is an elevation of a Gothic gateway in the style of Pointed Architecture, prevalent during the time of Henry VII. It was furnished to us by Mr. Lamb, who obser-es that " the arms of Henrj- VII. are used in the decorations to mark the date of the style of Architecture. Such heraldic devices are peculiarly appropriate to the Gothic style of art, and lend it great interest in a moral point of view, by marking the conse- quence of the proprietor, and serving as a sort of index to the style of living which may be expected at the villa, or baronial castle, to which they lead." In ages when mankind were nearly on a par with regard to intellectual rank, distinctive marks of this kind became requisite, not only to wealthy indidduals, but also to professions : hence, while the warrior was known by his arms, the priest was distinguished by bis gown, and the lawyer by his wig ; even physicians, till lately, carried with them gold-headed canes, and they still wear black clothes. All these distinctions, even the bearing of arms, which will be the last to pass away, will disappear with the universal diffusion of education. Fig. 1800 is a design for a Chinese gateway, copied for us, fi-om a Chinese drawing, by Mr. Varden. The Chinese sometimes adopt an opening of the form of three fourths of a circle as a gateway, which may be considered a caprice ; a doorway, the opening of which is of the form of an egg, with the broad end uppermost, and the lower end cut off, is a better approximation to the human form. Fig. 1801 is a Design for a Grecian gateway, by Mr. Lamh ; it may be .supposed to