Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/1021

 ENTIIAXCE LODGES AND GATES. 997 1783 closing such burial-places would be by a circular arcade, the arches being open from the foundations to the soffits, in order to admit of the spreading of the roots of trees and shrubs in the soil, whether planted inside or outside, and the free circulation of air and the weather. The openings may be tilled in with iron palisading. Fig. 1782 is a perspective view of a Design of this sort, made, at our request, by ^Ir. Lamb ; and fig. 1783 is a Design for a Grecian cenotaph by the same author. Fig. 1784 is a cenotaph in the Gothic style, also by Mr. Lamb, the De- sign, fig. 1782, might be greatly simplified, and still have an excellent effect ; perhaps better than it now has. The circular form is so beautiful in itself, and the repetition, at equal distances, of the uniform- sized semicii'cular-headed openings, produces aneflect at once so simple, so grand, and so much in unison with the generid form, that the whole of the mouldings, the impost stones, the cor- nice, and especially the breaks in the blocking (which last are in fact a deformity), might be dis- pensed with. For our own particular taste, we should prefer such an enclosure to ^ the architectural lines in the figure before us, but those showing an enlarged basement or plinth. If the walls were raised on secure foundations, and built of brick laid in Roman cement, they would last for thousands of years ; the ironwork would no doubt fail, but, if a holly were planted in the centre (and this tree, which forms a conical head, is far more suitable for such a building than that shown in the figure), its branches, long before that took place, would spread out from all the openings, and form an adequate defence, without the necessity of rails. 1986. The subjects slightly noticed in the preceding paragraphs of this section being principally those which connect Villa Architecture with Landscape Gardening, their treatment belongs as much to the one art as to the other. As we contemplate a separate work on Landscape Gardening and Garden Architecture, we have not considered it desirable to discuss these subjects more at length in the present volume, it being already sufficiently expanded by those which it was more especially intended to include. Sect. IX. Entrance Lodges and Gates. . 1987. The Entrance Lodge and Gate to a Villa may either form one architectural composition ; or the lodge alone may display architectural style, and the gate be of a very simple inconspicuous construction. In the former case, the principle of unity seems to require that the style of the lodge and gateway should correspond with that of the house to which they belong ; but in the latter case the necessity for this principle is not so obvious, and, provided the gate be without conspicuous piers, and be kept altogether sub- ordinate, the lodge may be in any style. This style, as Mr. S. Gilpin has remarked (Practical Hints on Landscape Gardening, see Gurd. Mag., vol. viii. p. 700), may be determined by some peculiarity in the situation ; to which we may add, or by any peculiarity of taste in the owner. 1988. irhtn the Lodge and Gate jorm one Composition, it is essential that the piers be rendered architectural ; because on them mainly depends the union of the dwelling with the gate. There are various ways in which this is to be accomplished ; by detached stone piers ; by a single arch thrown over the roadway, and only connected with the lodge by an intervening foot-gate ; by two, three, or iriore arches ; by columns united by an architrave ; or by the most effectual method of all, that of having a lodge on each side of the road, and forming them into one architectural whole, by a colonnade or arcadt