Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/1012

 y88 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA AUCHITKCTHHl.. iTo-^ h R Ill y'lii III no difficulty in constructing the most beautiful garden fountains at a trifling cost, in the 1763 17G4 grounds of every villa. Figs. 1763 and 1764 are tazza fountains, executed in arti- ficial stone by Mr. Austin. Fig. 1 766 is a Gothic foun- tain, the lower part of which may be executed in slone or marble, and the upper part in cast iron or bronze. This Design is l)y Mr. Lamb. 1973. A fouutai/i mat/ be formed wherever there is either a natural or an artificial supply of Water some feet higher than the level of the surface on which the fountain is to be placed. Where a drooping fountain is to be adopted, such as fig. 1763, the level of the water in the head need not be liigher than the point at which the water issues from the tazza ; but if, on the other hand, the water is to rise upwards, as in fig. 1762, the head must be higher than the height to which the jet is expected to rise, by at least several inches, according to the diameter of the jet. Where the jet is small, say an eighth of an inch in diameter, the height of the head above it, provided the water in that head be always kept to the same level, need not be above six inches ; but, as it is seldom practicable to keep the head to the same level, it is better to have the bottom of the pond or cistern sufficiently high to effect the desired object ; in which case, so long as there is any water in the cistern at all, the jet will rise to the proper height. A great variety of designs for fountains will be found in Falda's llecueildes Fontaines de Rome, Fontaines de Paris, De Clarac, &-c. Some are also given in the Choix d' Edifices Publiques, and in Coussin's Genie d" Architecture. 1974. IFliere a 7iatural head of water of the projter height cannot he obtained, recourse may be had to artificial means of raising water to an elevated cistern or reservoir, or of forcing the water upwards by the direct influence of machinery. When the water is raised to a cistern, the latter may either be placed on a natural or artificial eminence, or on the summit of a building. In pleasure-grounds, an artificial mount, or piece of conical rockwork, would afford a good situation ; and a simple tower, round or sqtiare,