Page:An Elementary History of Art.djvu/653

 In England. 623 works, chiefly in oils, are characterized by great delicacy of feeling, but are slight in execution, wanting in force and individuality of character. His numerous likenesses of the celebrities of his day have great historic value, although they scarcely take rank as portraits of the highest excellence. The Waterloo Gallery at Windsor Castle contains a fine collection of Lawrence's works : the portraits of the Emperor Francis, of Pius VII., and Cardinal Gonsalvi, are especially famous. The National Gallery possesses nine examples of his best works. Sir Henry Raeburn (1756 — 1823) was one of the chief cotemporaries of Lawrence, and carried the art of por- trait painting in oils to great perfection. He began life as a miniature painter, and was extremely successful in catching likenesses. He is said to have modelled his style on that of Reynolds, and to have acquired much of his manner of treating chiaroscuro and masses of colour. Four portraits by him are in the National Portrait Gallery; the greater number is in the Edinburgh Aca- demy, of which he was president — but we may add that his portraits include those of Sir Walter Scott, Sir David Baird, Dugald Stewart, Francis Jeffrey, and many other great men who have passed away. William Owen (1769—1825), Sir Martin Archer Shee (1769 — 1850), Thomas Phillips (1770 — 1845), George Henry Harlow (1787 — 1819), and Sir John Watson Gordon (1790 — 1864), must be named as portrait painters in oils, cotemporary with Lawrence and Raeburn. Thomas Stothard (1755 — 1834), one of the first and best of English book illustrators, painted several important paintings remarkable for richness of colouring and force of invention. The allegoric composition of Intemperance