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 In the Nineteenth Century. 157 One of those who did most to promote this movement was John Britton, who brought out a series of fine works on the architectural antiquities of Great Britain, which were followed by the publications of Pugin — a man of real genius and rare energy. Hickman did more, how- ever, than these two to systematise for men of taste and intelligence the study of architecture as an art, and he it was who introduced the nomenclature generally employed by all writers on Gothic architecture. Typical buildings in revived Gothic are Windsor Castle, the Houses of Parliament, the New Museum of Oxford, and the Albert Memorial. The first was almost entirely rebuilt under the direction of Sir Jeffrey Wyatville (1826), who gave it the appearance of an old castle adapted to the requirements of a modern monarch ; and it may be taken as a specimen of such Gothic as was designed before Pugin' s day. It is not without effectiveness on a general view, but its details are lamentably inappropriate. The second, built by Sir Charles Barry, is in the Gothic of the Tudor age, and owes its beauty of detail to Pugin' s own superintendence. Though fashion has now preferred other styles, and it is customary to run down this building, it is probably the finest effort of the Gothic revival, not in England only, but in all Europe. In its plan, its detail, and the beauty of its sky-line, it is especially successful. The New Museum of Oxford, from the designs of Mr. Woodward, may be fairly said to represent the results of Mr. Ruskin's teaching. It was begun in 1855, and is a good example of all that was then considered most advanced. The Albert Memorial, by Sir Gilbert Scott, the most recent and the most ornate effort of revived Gothic, though far from popular among architectural critics, must be taken