Page:An Australian language as spoken by the Awabakal.djvu/383

 THE WIEADHAEI DIALECT.

��7. Lanna (^recAprocal) ; as, bunial-lanna,'to beat eacli other,' Ho fight '; nurungamil-lanna, 'to love each other.'

8. Alinga {reiterative); as, bumal-alinga, 'to beat again'; yannai-alinga, 'to go again.'

9. Numinga implies that an action is to last for a little time only before another ; as, bumal-numinga, 'to beat previously'; ganuminga, 'to see beforehand.'

10. Mambirra is causative and permissive; as, bumali-mam- birra, 'to let beat'; yal-mambirra, 'to cause one to speak,'
 * to teach.'

11. Gambirra, instrumental; meaning that a thing has been done by means of an instrument, tool, 07" weapon; as, bumal- gambirra (not used) ; bangal-gambirra, ' to break by throwing at (or hitting) with something.'

12. Billinga, submissive; expressive of obedience to a com- mand ; as, buma-billinga, 'to beat when told or ordered'; yanna-billinga, 'to go when ordered ofi.'

13. Eilinga implies a vicarious action — an action done on behalf of, or instead of, another; as, bum-eilinga, 'to beat in- stead of another'; barram-eilinga, 'to get or provide* for another.'

14. Duringa seems to intimate a change of action, the turning of one's attention from one thing to another, or to do a thing well and thoroughly; as, bumal-duringa, 'to leave of the pre- sent act of beating'; winnanga-duringa, ' to forget,' ' to think of something else '; ' to reflect.'

15. Wanna probably signifies an aim at or a purpose to do a thing ; or rather, to act in a kind of series of doings, one after another, going all round, or to be just in the act of doing ; as, bumalla-wanna, 'to beat one after another'; yannaia-wanna, ' to walk away,' ' to walk from one place to another.'

16. Danna means the resuming of an action after having taken refreshment; as, bumal-danna, 'to beat again' after eating; bumba-danna, 'to run off again' after a little refresh- ment.

17. Grilanna indicates a kind of dual action; as, bumalu- gilanna, 'two to beat together at once '; bumban-gilanna, ' two to run together.'

18. Yarra is the verb ' to speak'; it can be put or joined to any verb as a postfix, and is then expressive of a command ; ' ba ' is put between as a uniting syllable; thus, yanna-ba-yarra, 'to order to go', ' to send away '; bumal-ba-garra, ' to tell to beat.'

19. Birra, nirra, dirra, banirra, bamarra, bunmarra; these particles, when joined to a neuter or an intransitive vei-b, give it a transitive and causative signification ; thus, from gannarra, 'to burn,' is formed gannal-birra, 'to set on fire 'j ballunna, 'to die 'gives ballubunirra, 'to kill'; banganna,

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