Page:An Australian language as spoken by the Awabakal.djvu/185

 10. .-n-ini-Tco ; m., to act, excludinrj tlie idea of causation.

Ex. — Up-illiko, ' to exercise personal power,' withoutcausa- tion ; up-ai-ga, ' to exercise personal power,' without comple- tion ; pai-pilliko, 'to seem,' 'to appear'; pai-pilliko marai- to, ' for the spirit to appear'; pai-pea noa Eliath, ' Elias he appeared'; pai-pea bon a gel o, ' an angel appeared to him.'

11. -p-uZ7/-^o ; m., to exercise poiver, hut excluding the

idea of effect.

Ex. — 1. Up-ulliko, 'to exercise personal power,' exclusive oP effect; upan bag unni, 'I do this'; upan bag gali-ko, 'I use this' ; upullin bag gali-ko broom-ko, '1 am sweeping with the broom'; lit.., '1 am exercising personal power with the broom,' exclusive of effect ; in gali-ko broom-ko upullin murrarag, 'the broom is sweeping well,' the broom is the instrumental agent; upullin bag gatoa-bo kipai-to, 'I am anointing myself with ointment'; lit.,'l am doing myself with gi'ease,' or 'lam greasing myself.' 2. TJpuUa binoun kopurrd kouein kakilliko, ' paint her with red to be pretty.' 8. Konein ta upatoara bountoa, 'she is prettily done'; lit., 'she is pretty that which isdone.' 4. Kabo-kabo galitinupa- toarin kopurrin, ' stay, stay, on account of the painting red.'

Anal. : — 2. TJpulla, the imperative, ' do ' ; binoun, the con- joined dual pronoun, 'thou-her'; kopurrd, 'red,' Tvith the instrumental sign o affixed; konein, 'pretty'; kakilliko, the verb ' to be,' ' for the purpose of being.' The sentence then means, ' do thou her with red, that she may be pretty.'

3. Konein t a, 'it is pretty'; upatoara is a compound of the verb, and means ' that which is done ' ;. bouutoa, the emphatic personal pronoun, 'she it is who,' 'she who' is emphatically so.

4. Kabo-kabo, equivalent to 'stay'; gali-tiu and the two words following it are all ia the ablative case and mean, ' on ac- count of this, on account of the doing, on account of the red.'

12. -r J m., negation.

Ex. — Murrarag ta unni, ' this is good '; keawai, murra- rag korien, 'no, it is not good'; kipai ta unni, 'this is actually fat'; tararan, ' it is not'; this is used as the negation of a thing, but not of a quality. Keawaran bag murrarag korien, 'I am not comfortable.'

Anal.: — Keawaran, the present tense of the verb 'to be,' in the state of negation ; bag, the verbal pronoun 'I '; murrarag 'good'; korien, the aorist of negation of the verb 'to be not.' The sentence thus means, ' I am not in a state of being good.' The two negatives here are essential and govern one another; they do not destroy each other, as in English; this arises from the very nature of the language, which can ex- press actuality, negation of actuality, and negation absolutely;

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