Page:American Seashells (1954).djvu/243

Rh 1% to 3 inches in length, with about 20 spiral grooves on the body whorl. Weak axial ribs sometimes present which make the shell coarsely beaded. Lower parietal area pustulose. Outer lip may be greatly thickened occasionally. Not uncommonly washed ashore. It is also present on the west coast of Central America as the subspecies centiqiiadrata Valenciennes. Formerly known as Semicassis abbreviata Lamarck and S. inflatum Shaw.

Phalium cicatricosiim Gmelin Smooth Scotch Bonnet Plate 9f

Southeast Florida, Bermuda and the Caribbean.

Shell i'V2 to 2 inches in length, similar to P. granulatum but without the spiral grooves; sometimes smaller specimens have nodules on the shoulder of the whorl. Rare in Florida. Meuschen named this shell first, but his works are now ruled out as invalid. The nodulated, smaller variety was named peristephes Pilsbry and McGinty.

Genus Cassis Scopoli 1777

The helmet shells are large, handsome mollusks which have been used by man for centuries. Large numbers of cameos are still cut from them, the meat is often used in chowders, and the uncut shells serve as attractive doorstops or mantel-pieces. In the Pacific, they are sliced in half and the body whorl used either as a cooking container or boat-bailer. The half dozen known species are found only in the West Indies and Indo-Pacific area. They live in moderately deep water and although sometimes are obtained in knee- deep waters, they usually must be dived for in 10 to 20 feet of water. The helmet shells are carnivorous and include the spiny sea urchins in their diet. Operculum semicircular, corneous and concentric.

Cassis tuberosa Linne King Helmet

Southeast Florida and the West Indies.

Adults 4 to 9 inches in length, massive, with a finely reticulated sculp- ture. Color brownish cream with black-brown patches on the lip and a large patch of brown at the center of the parietal shield. This species may be easily confused with the Flame Helmet (Cassis fiaminea Linne) which occurs in the Bahamas and Antilles. The latter lacks the reticulated sculpture, lacks brown color between the teeth on the outer lip, has a rounded (not triangular) parietal shield and is from 3 to 5 inches in length. Rare in Florida (10 fathoms), common to the south in shallow water.

Cassis 7nadagascariensis Lamarck Emperor Helmet Plate 23V

Southeast Florida, the Bahamas and the Greater Antilles.