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NAME MURPHY 3-^0 MURRAY 190S; president of the American Medical Association from 1910-1911; and president of the Clinical Congress of Surgeons, 1914-1915. He held teaching positions as follows : lec- turer in surgery, Rush Medical College, 1884; professor of clinical surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago, 1892- 1901 ; professor of surgery, Northwestern University Medical School, 1901-1905 ; profes- sor of surgery, Rush Medical School, 1905- 1908 and again professor of surgery, North- western University Medical School, 1908- 1916. For many years also he was Professor of Surgery in the Graduate Medical School of Chicago. He became chief of the Sur- gical Staff of Mercy Hospital on March 21, 1895, which position he held until his death. For several months previous to his death at Mackinac Island, Michigan, August 11, 1916, Dr. Murphy had been in poor health. The cause of death as disclosed by the autopsy was aortitis with sclerosis of the coronary artery. William J. Mayo. Murphy, Patrick Livingston (1848-1907) Patrick Livingston Murphy was born in Sampson County, North Carolina, October 23, 1848. He was prepared for college, but did not take a college course owing to the out- break of the Civil War. He studied medi- cine first under a preceptor, then at the University of Virginia, and finally at the University of Maryland, from which he graduated in 1871. Returning to North Caro- lina, he settled at Wilmington, and entered upon the practice of his profession. Finding the routine of practice irksome he accepted a position as assistant physician at the West- ern Virginia Asylum at Staunton, Virginia, to fit himself to become superintendent of the West North Carolina Hospital at Mor- gantown. North Carolina. He was appointed superintendent, and entered upon his duties at the latter institution in January, 1883. He | had great success in the management of this institution, and developed it into a hospital in name as well as in fact, when through his influence the name of state institutions for the insane was changed from asylum to hos- pital. His work was that of a pioneer, and he was obliged to contend with meagre appro- priations, great misapprehension of the duty of the state toward her insane, and a heart- less indifiference to their welfare on the part of the legislators. He wrote no elaborate papers on insanity, but his reports and pamphlets showed him to be a vigorous thinker and forceful writer. As a medical expert he was considered very able, and was often called upon to give expert testimony. He was a member of the North Carolina State Board of Medical Examiners, presi- dent of the State Medical Society, and at one time director of the school for the deaf. He died September 11, 1907, after a long and painful illness. A portrait in oil was placed in the State House at Raleigh in his honor. Institutional Care of the Insane in the U. S. and Canada, H. M. Hurd, 1917, vol. iv. Murray, Robert (1822-1913) Robert Murray, Surgeon-General of the United States Army, from November 23, 1883 to August 6, 1886, was born at Elk- ridge, Maryland, August 6, 1822, and died in Baltimore, Maryland, January 1, 1913. He was the son of Daniel and Mary Dorsey Murray. His primary education was obtained from the public schools; his medical train- ing from the University of Maryland and the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from the latter in 1843. He entered the Army as an acting assistant surgeon in 1846 and after examination was commissioned as- sistant surgeon June 29 of the same year. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1851, and surgeon or major June 23, 1860. In 1861 he married Adelaide Atwood of Gar- diner, Maine. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Sur- geon Murray served in the hospitals in Wash- ington and Alexandria. Later he served in the Army of the Cumberland ; then became Medical Director of the department, but took the field and served successively under Gen- erals Anderson, Sherman, Buell, and Rose- crans. He was chief medical officer on the second day of Shiloh and rendered excellent service in the evacuation of the wounded in that battle. In 1863 Surgeon Murray became Medical Purveyor at Philadelphia, the larg- est purchasing depot for medical supplies, and continued in this office until the close of the war. He was breveted lieutenant- colonel and colonel for meritorious service in the war in March, 1865. He was pro- moted lieutenant-colonel July 28, 1866; col- onel. 1870. From 1870 to 1880 he was Med- ical Director of the Division of the Missouri and from 1880 to the date of his appoint- ment in 1883 as surgeon general, held the same position in the Department of the Atlantic.