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NAME CHIPLEY 217 CHOPPIN Chipley, William Stout (lSlO-1880) William Stout Chipley, alienist, was born in Lexington, Kentucky, October 18, 1810, the only son of the Rev. Stephen Chipley, a pioneer of Lexington, and he graduated from the Transylvania University in 1832, from 1854 to 1857 occupying the chair of theory and practice of medicine in the Transylvania University. When he took charge of the Eastern Ken- tucky Insane Aylum in 1855, he found that institution overcrowded with incurables, epi- leptics, and feeble minded, huddled together without any attempt at classification and sepa- ration. These defects were not only remedied by Dr. Chipley, but largely through his efforts other institutions in Kentucky were erected. He married Elizabeth Fanning in 1837 while he lived in Columbus, Georgia. By this mar- riage he had four sons and one daughter. He died February 11, 1880. ^^^^^^ Schachner. Am. Jour. Insanity, O, Everts, Utica, N. Y., 1881-2, vol. xxxviii. Filson Club Publication, No. 20. Chisholm, Julian John (1830-1903) Julian J. Chisholm of Charleston, South Carolina, studied medicine at the medical col- lege of the state of South Carolina and after graduating there went to Europe to perfect himself in his chosen profession. Returning to Charleston he soon displayed great skill and ability as a surgeon and was appointed pro- fessor of surgery at the Medical College. Chisholm was one of the most famous sur- geons of the Confederate Army. His "Manual of Military Surgery" became the text-book of the Confederate surgeons and is a work of high merit. After the war he resumed practice in Charleston, but in 1869 removed to Balti- more, Maryland, where he was at once ap- pointed professor of operative surgery and di- seases of eye and ear on the medical side of the University of Maryland. In 1873 he aban- doned surgery and devoted himself exclusively to his specialty, diseases of the eye and ear. In 1877 he founded the Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital of Baltimore. A stroke of apoplexy compelled him in 1894 to retire from a most active and meritorious career and he died at Petersburg, Virginia, November 2, 1903. Chisholm was a man of strong per- sonality, unbounded energy, a teacher of great power and full of enthusiasm for his calling. Albert Allemann. Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., Chicago, 1903, vol. xli, 1218. The Hospital Bull., Randolph Winslow, Baltimore. 1910, vol. vi. N. Y. Med. Jour, 1903, vol. Ixxxviii, 902. Choppin, Samuel Paul (1828-1880) Among the descendants of the pioneer families who settled in Louisiana and owned later some of the principal sugar plantations of the golden era on the banks of the great Meschacebe were Paul and Eliza Sher- burne Choppin, he of Creole parentage. Their son Samuel was born at Baton Rouge, October 20, 1828, and had his preliminary edu- cation at JefTerson College, Louisiana. At an early age he began to study medicine at the University of Louisiana, and after spending two years as resident student at the Charity Hospital, New Orleans, graduated as M. D. there in 1850, afterwards taking up a post-graduate course in Paris and in Italy, spending two years in these studies. On his return he became demonstrator of anatomy in the University of Louisiana, and while there was appointed house surgeon to the Charity Hospital, soon becoming one of the ablest surgeons of the whole south. Besides frequent contributions to medical literature, he edited the New Orleans Medical News and Hospital Gazette. With a com- bative, energetic temper, he was not content to follow in beaten paths, he was a builder, a creator. And soon we see him with his colleagues, Drs. C. Beard, Cenas and others founding a new school, the New Orleans School of Medicine, and its short but brilliant career was only one of the many proofs of his energy and ability. Its success was inter- rupted by the Civil War. Through all the bloody battles of the Confederacy he lent his entire time to the sick and wounded. It was after the bloody battle of Shiloh when Beauregard made his masterful retreat to Corinth, that he needed reinforcements, and naturally chose Dr. Choppin to go to New Orleans to stir up the patriotisin of his people. The war over, Choppin returned to his native state beaten but not conquered. With spirits undaunted, he went back ruined and bruised, to build up again his practice and, cheered by the love and admiration of his fellow patriots, he was successful. Still, when the call to duty came again in 1874, during the painful and disgraceful days of the reconstruction, he was the first to raise his voice against the rapacious "Carpet Bag Federal Rule" in our city. In 1875 he was appointed president of the board of health and it is as such that he was best remembered. The dreadful epidemic of yellow fever took place in 1878 and, though according to present knowledge he is known to be mistaken, he pursued a really intelligent campaign against the epidemic. It was believed to be due to a germ or miasma or bacillus of infection, carried along in clothes, bedding, trunks, etc., the old fomites theory as it was then called.