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NAME CHALMERS 204 CHANCELLOR Havana Yellow Fever Commission. From 1885 to 1893 he served as one of seven civilian members of the National Board of Health. In addition to his report on "Yellow Fever in Havana and Cuba," published by the Na- tional board of health, he wrote "Laws of Population and Voters," 1872; "Living, Dying, Registering and Voting Population of Louisi- ana, 1868 and 1874," 1875; and "Intimidation and Voters in Louisiana," 1876. Dr. Chaille's time of retirement after the many years of great activity was cut short by a disease of the bladder, accompanied by great pain, and of this he died. May 27, 191!, at the age of eighty. ■ Editorial, New Orleans Med. and Surg. Jour., 1911-12, vol. Ixiv, 85-87. Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., 1911, vol. Ivi, 1669. Chalmers, Lionel (1715-1777) Lionel Chalmers, physician and meteorol- ogist, was born in Cambleton, Scotland, 1715 and emigrated to South Carolina in early life. It is not known where he obtained his degree in medicine but probably from the University of Edinburgh. He settled first in Christ Church Parish, but soon removed to Charles- ton, where he practised until his death. He made and recorded observations on meteor- ology from 1750 to 1760. .s a practitioner he won the confidence and respect of all and left behind him, "the name of a skilful, humane physician." He wrote an "Account of the Opisthotonos and Tetanus," which was published in the Transactions of the Medical Society of Lon- don in 1754. His most important writings were : "An .^ccount of the Weather and Diseases of South Carolina" and an "Essay on Fevers," in which, says Dr. Ramsay, "he unfolded the spasmodic theory of fevers." Both of these works were published in London in 1776. Lindsay Peters. Appleton's Cyclop. Amer. Biog., New York, 1887. Chamberlain, Cyrus Nathaniel (1829-1899) Cyrus Nathaniel Chamberlain was a farmer's son and was born in West Barnstable, Massa- chusetts, March 8, 1829. His early education was at New Salem (Massachusetts) Academy, his medical, in the Vermont Medical College, where he graduated in 1850. He attended a course of lectures at the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons in New Y'ork and settled in 1852 in Granby, Massachusetts, becoming a member of the Massachusetts Medical So- ciaty in the same year. As surgeon to the tenth Massachusetts In- fantry Dr. Chamberlain served his country during the Civil War until 1863, when he was commissioned surgeon to volunteers. He con- structed and organized the Letterman United States Army Hospital at Gettysburg to take care of the severely wounded. Another suc- cessful feat of organization was his establish- ment of the Dale General Hospital m Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1864. Returning from the war he settled in Law- rence, being associated with Dr. George W. Garland, whose daughter, Anna E., he married in 1864. He had a large practice in Lawrence and died in Jamaica Plain, Mass.. July 18, 1899. Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., vol. clxi, 99. Biog. Encyclo. of Mass. of the 19th. Cent., 1879. Chancellor, James Edgar (1826-1896) Army surgeon and anatomist, of a lineage that can be traced back over nine hundred years, he was a descendant of Richard Chan- cellor who came to Virginia in 1682, and was the son of George Chancellor of Chancellors- ville, Virginia, since the Civil War an historic hamlet. There he was born on January 26, 1826. Educated at an academy at Fredericks- burg, Virginia, he then read medicine under Dr. G. F. Carmichael, and matriculated as a student of medicine at the University of Vir- ginia in 1846. ' The following session he at- tended lectures at the Jefferson Medical Col- lege in Philadelphia, graduating in 1848. He settled in his native place, but later moved to the county seat, and by the begin- ning of the Civil War had a large practice. He was elected vice-president in 1871 of the Medical Society of Virginia and again in 1874, and president in 1883. Commissioned assistant surgeon in the Con- federated States Army in 1861 and surgeon in 1862, he served throughout the war in the General Military Hospital at Charlottesville, 'irginia, with the exception that in 1864 he was sent as one of the reserve corps of sur- geons to the battlefields of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, etc. In October, 1865, he was made demonstrator of anatomy at the University of Virginia, and filled this position until 1872, when he resigned. In 1885 he was elected and served one term as pro- fessor of diseases of women and children in the University of Florida, but resigned and returned to Virginia. He married in 1853 Josephine .- derson of Spottsylvania County, and had si-x children of whom five survived their father, the eldest son, Edgar A., becoining a physician. His wife died in 1862, and in 1867 he married Airs. Gabriella Garth Mays of Albemarle County, but had no more children. He died at his home near the University of Virginia on