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NAME SCHAFFER 1023 SCHULTZ the American Medical Association. He was an enthusiastic student of those diseases con- nected with his special line of work and had done much original work. He was a member of the Minnesota State Medical Association, the American Rliinologi- cal, Laryngological and Otological Association, of which he was president of the Western section in 1888, and was for many years pro- fessor of diseases of the throat and nose in the medical department of the University of Minnesota. He married the daughter of Dr. D. H. Miller, of Miiiflinburg, a physician of Central Pennsylvania. He died at St. Joseph's Hos- pital in St. Paul, May 29, 1908, of cerebral thrombosis followed by general paralysis, after an illness of several weeks' duration. St. Paul Med. Jour., July. 1908, vol. x, 428-430. Schaffer, Charles (1838-1903) Charles Schaffer, physician and botanist, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, February 4, 1838. His father, Charles Schaffer, was a wholesale druggist, in the vicinity of Sixth and Market Streets; his mother was Pris- cilla Morgan, daughter of Stacey K. Potts, an old Philadelphia merchant. His early edu- cation was received from a private tutor, who prepared him for the University of Pennsyl- vania where he graduated in medicine in 1859. He served in the Chester Military Hospital in 1863 and was attending physician at the Mission Hospital and Dispensary from 1874 until its close in 1880. He became interested in the flora of Phila- delphia and vicinity and later extended his collecting trips to the Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia amassing a collection of photographs and plants of that region. Dr. SchafYer married Mary Townsend Sharpies, who was his companion on his ex- plorations and was deeply interested in his scientific work. Under his guidance she reproduced the rarer plants in water-color and photography ; these were published after SchafTer's death, the illustrations being Mrs. Schaffer's and the letter-press that of the botanist, Stewardson Brown, under the title "Alpine Flora of the Canadian Mountains" (1907), published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. Mrs. Schaffer spent seventeen summers in these mountains, and is the author of "Old Indian Trails of the Canadian Rockies" (1911). Schaffer was a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science; the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society; and Fel- low of the College of Physicians, Philadel- phia, and of the Geological Society of America. He died November 23, 1903. John W. Harshberger. Botanists of Philadelphia, J. W. Harshberger, Phila., 1899. Portrait. Schmidt, Henry D. (1823-1888) Henry D. Schmidt was born at Marburg, Prussia, receiving the usual education of a German boy, then was apprenticed to an in- strument-maker at the age of fifteen, a train- ing which in after-hfe enabled him to conceive and construct various pieces of apparatus for the benefit of his scientific investigations (his microtome and injector, employed in his researches into the histology of the liver). During his apprenticeship he visited the large cities of Europe and came to Philadelphia in 1848, where he began the study of anatomy and constructed papier mache models of such correctness and beauty that several are still preserved in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. Attracting the attention of Leidy and Jackson, he became prosector to Dr. Jackson and assisted Prof. Leidy in many of his physiological investiga- tions. After studying five years, he gradu- ated in medicine in 1858 (University of Penn- sylvania) and devoted himself to histology. By his own contrivance of an injecting appa- ratus, he was able to solve the question of the termination of the bile ducts of the liver and to demonstrate their origin in the inter- cellular capillaries. In 1860 Dr. Schmidt went south, first to the Medical College of Ala- bama, in Mobile, and thence to New Orleans, succeeding Penniston as demonstrator of anatomy in the New Orleans School of Medi- cine. During the Civil War he served the South as a mihtary surgeon. At the close of the struggle he returned to New Orleans and was installed as pathologist to the Charity Hospital, a position which he occupied for twenty years. He was known as a man of strong convictions, honest and earnest; never cynical nor prejudiced in regard to the opin- ions of others. He died at his home, November 23, 1888. New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, De- cember, 1888, vol. xvi, n. s., p. 757, where a list of his many contributions to medical literature may be found. Schultz, Sir John Christian (1840-1896) John C. Schultz, of Norse and Irish descent, son of William Schultz, of Bergen, Norway, and Elizabeth Riley, of Bandon, Ireland, was