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 10 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

selves for the professions. The management secures homes for the boys and looks after them after they leave the farm. Of the 144 boys received Mr. Bradley, the director, reports that 20 are doing excellent work, some of them earning $35 or $40 a month, in banks, etc.; no are doing fairly well, and 14 have lapsed or have not been heard from. The chief point to be observed is that Allendale seeks to teach the boy the lesson of self-govern- ment, and to fit him to grapple successfully with the social, industrial, and political conditions which he must face in the great world around him. The supporters of this movement in this state, as in others, declare that the results are decidedly satisfactory. Such movements deserve encouragement and should be multiplied.

II. SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENTS. I. THE JOHN WORTHY SCHOOL.

After the destruction of the Chicago Reform School in 1871, delinquent boys that is, boys who committed offenses, such as stealing, which, if committed by an adult, would send him to the penitentiary or house of correction had to be sent either to the Reformatory at Pontiac, to the House of Correction, or to jail. Of the 215,554 prisoners sent to the Chicago House of Correc- tion, between 1871 and 1900, almost one-fourth, or 51,312, were minors, and about 12,000 were children between seven and fifteen years of age. In every report the inspectors and superintendent of the House of Correction protested against this incarceration of juvenile offenders with older criminals, and one superintendent boldly declared that Chicago was "conducting a preparatory school for the penitentiary and the gallows." But for twenty- three years their protests were ineffectual, until finally, in 1894, through the efforts of Mr. John Worthy, one of the inspectors, and others, classes were established for the education of boys, and in 1896 the board of education appropriated $80,000 for the erection of a school building adjoining the House of Correction. This building was occupied in November, 1896, but the boys continued to be housed in the cell-house with the older crim- inals. In 1897 the city council appropriated $50,000 for the