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 150 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

founding of sociological journals. Outstanding marks in the history of the word during this decade were: in France, the sociological lectures and writings of Tarde and of Durkheim, the establishment of the International Institute of Sociology (1893), the publication of the Revue Internationale de sociologie and the addition (1894) to the Revue philosophique of a section under the title j" Sociologie," and the publication of the Annfe $ociologique (1898); in Italy, the publication of the Rivista Italiana Sociologia (1897), and the growth of sociological courses in the universities; in Belgium, the foundation of the Universite Nouvelle in Brussels, under de Greef, on a specifically sociologi- cal basis ; in Germany, the specifically sociological courses of Simmel in Berlin, and of Earth in Leipzig, and the publication of the latter's Die Philosophic der Geschichte als Sociologie (1897) ; in the United States, the wide extension of sociological courses in the universities, colleges, and theological seminaries, and the publication (in 1895) by the elaborately equipped sociological department in Chicago University of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, at once accepted in Europe as an important addition to the periodical literature of scientific studies.

During the past two or three years the further growth of the word in international usage is marked by the foundation of the Institut de Sociologie in Brussels, by the inclusion of an article under the heading "Sociology" in the supplement to the ninth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (following in this the recent example of the Grande Encyclopedic, and by the addition (in 1902) of the word " sociology" to its title by the well-known quarterly ( Vierteljahrschrift fur wissenschaftliche Philosophic und Soziologie] founded by Mach, Avenarius, and Riehl. In Great Britain, almost alone of leading nations, sociology is today unrepresented by any special institution or periodical of scientific studies, and our universities stand in conspicuous isolation ; whether on the implicit assumption that sociological studies are adequately pur- sued under some other title, or that means and men are needed, we need not for the moment inquire.

In contending that the word "sociology" has established itself in international usage, it is not, of course, intended to