Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 8.djvu/812

 79 2 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

the following results obtained from adult males of the same race, based upon the power of the hands :

Pe"ron and Quoy, 80 English - 66.2 kg.

122 French - 58.1

Quoy and Gaymard, 1 4 Portuguese - - 54.6

Quoy and Gaymard, 18 Sandwich Islanders - 58.3

Pe"ron and Quoy, 74 Timorians - - 57.7

Quoy and Gaymard, 17 Carolinians - 54.2

PeVon, 12 Tasmanians - - 50.6

Pe"ron and Quoy, 47 Australians 49.2

Novarra, 34 Nicobarese - - 48.4

P6ron, Quoy, and Novarra, 52 Chinese - 45.9

Novarra, 9 Japanese - - 44.2 *

M. A. Thomson, in weight-lifting, in New Zealand showed that 31 natives lifted 166 kg., two hands; 31 English, 191 kg. It should be noted that the English were almost all soldiers or marines, that is to say, selected men, receiving normal rations. In general, the functional development of every organ depends upon the use made of it and its education ; this law dominates the purely anthropological condition.

Mr. Ch. Roberts, in the memoir already cited, gives in a diagram curves of weight and muscular force of the two sexes in England. Weight corresponds in direction to that of stature. Up to twelve years of age the curve is smaller for females, then up to the age of sixteen it exceeds that of males, and from that time it becomes more and more inferior to that of males. The muscular force of females from twelve to fifty years of age is always inferior to that of males. The maximum is reached for both at about the age of twenty-eight.

Muscular force also is limited if one considers it in itself. Socially it may be greatly increased, the variations being very large. According to Quetelet and Hutchinson, there is no doubt that there are also variations in the circulation of the blood, the heart-beats, respiration, and voice, according to sex, race, age, etc. However, these variations are always contained within certain limits, whence results their internal and external equili- bration.

"TOPINARD, Anthropologie, pp. 424-6.