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 REVIEWS 7H

interest and necessary illustration. The references to sources and authorities are sufficient to start the student on lines of profitable inde- pendent inquiry. C. R. HENDERSON.

The Early History of English Poor Relief. By E. M. LEONARD. Cambridge: The University Press, 1900. Pp. 397.

FOR American students of the history of philanthropy the English poor law must ever remain an object of interest, since our own legis- lation has been profoundly affected by that of the mother- country. Miss Leonard has restudied the foundations of this legal provision for the poor and used the original sources with great care, and has had the valuable direction and help of such authorities as Dr. Cunningham and Mr. C. S. Loch.

The main lesson of the story is that England's remarkable freedom from violent and bloody revolutions has been largely due to the con- tinuous and vigorous policy of poor relief, provision for the impotent by pensions or indoor relief, and productive work and industrial train- ing for the able-bodied. England is the only country which has had such a system, more or less complete, and maintained it without break from Reformation times to the present. The book belongs in the select list of the most reliable works on the subject.

C. R. HENDERSON.

The Races of Man : An Outline of Anthropology and Ethnography. By J. DENIKER, Chief Librarian of the Museum of Natural History, Paris. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1900. Pp. xxiii + 603. With 176 illustrations and 2 maps.

THIS is a volume in the "Contemporary Science" series edited by Havelock Ellis, and is a very successful attempt to present the subjects of anthropology and ethnology in a single volume. While designed for the general public, the author justly anticipates that the work will be con- sulted with profit by specialists in ethnology and sociology. A sur- prising amount of detail is worked into the book, and the author is as safe a guide as one can follow in this field. The bibliographical notes are copious, and cover all departments of anthropology, ethnology> and folk-psychology, and the illustrations are excellent. A number of suggestive chapters are devoted to the sociological characters of the natural races. On the whole, Dr. Deniker's work may be compared very favorably with that of Mr. Keane in the same field.

W. I. THOMAS.