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 34 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

with the accepted Catholic program, being either distinctly mon- archical, or else having some infusion of liberalistic or socialistic ideas. Other Catholic publications whose special field is closely connected with this branch of thought and action are the Revue catholique des institutio?is et du droit, and the Revue canonique ; and there are few among the hundreds of French Catholic journals and periodicals of a general character which do not give more or less attention to social questions and contribute in some degree to strengthen and diffuse the movement. The church of Soissons has rendered particularly valuable services to the cause, notably by means of the Manuel social chr^tien, prepared and published under the auspices of the Diocesan Commission of Social Studies.

In Italy within the past decade the movement has been thoroughly organized under the powerful Unio7ie Cattolica per gli Studi Sociali, whose organ, the Rivista Intemazionale di Scienze Sociali e Discipline Aiisiliarie, a monthly of i8o pages, published in the city of Rome since 1893, is one of the best social-economic publications on the continent of Europe, and gives abstracts or notices of all the articles on this order of questions that appear in any publication, of any school and any language, in the whole world. This international review is edited by Mgr. S. Talamo, professor in the Accademia Storico-Giuridica of Rome. Among the other Catholic social-economic organs of Italy are the Unione Democratico-Ckrisdana, of Naples, the Cultura Sociale, of Rome, and the Cooperazione Popolare, of Parma.

Agricultural unions, cooperative banks, young men's societies, leagues for festal repose, "secretariates of the people," associa- tions for cooperative purchase, sale, or production ; diocesan federations, and other Catholic social-reform organizations ramify into every nook and corner of northern and central Italy, and are rapidly extending themselves in other portions of the peninsula, though the movement has received a serious set-back by the action of the panic-stricken liberal government in violently suppressing some hundreds of them last year. General Catholic congresses, both of a local and national character, are held with great frequency, and all of them give great attention