Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 5.djvu/353

 ASPECTS OF THE ARYAN QUESTION 339

This less simple aspect of the problem is more in conformity with the real conditions, but it cannot be said that the problem in this form becomes easy of solution.

F"ive or six thousand years before our era, at the earliest possible epoch of the beginnings of the Aryan civilization, there existed already in central Europe and the British-Scandi- navian region a confused mixture of t3'pes. Later in this work we shall study them more in detail ; at this point I will simply enumerate them :

1. Homo Eur op (BUS. — He existed everywhere from the British Isles and the north of France to Moscow and Ladoga Lake.

2. H. spclcens. — The so-called race of Cro-Magnon, which appears to have come from the southwest of Europe, and which from this epoch begins to be less common in a pure state, is found in the region with which we are concerned only as an accidental element, but the neolithic burial places furnish sub- jects who are more or less closely related to this type. It is mentioned here mainly for the sake of completeness.

3. H. meridionalis. — The Mediterranean race, represented by subjects sometimes pure, sometimes mixed with the two pre- ceding races, abounds in the Long-Barrows of Great Britain. It appears to have played a smaller role in central Europe, but is found in some degree in the various regions.

4. H. contractus. — This race, which I first distinguished in the ossuaries of the Cevennes of the copper age, is found as an important element in various parts of France. It appears to have come from the northeast, and by further study its presence would probably be recognized in the neolithic series of central Europe.

5. Pygmy races. — The excavations of the Schwcizersbild have furnished examples of dolichocephalic pygmies with long narrow faces, who differ from H. co?itractus, and who may be regarded as a distinct race.

6. H. hyperboreus. — This, the characteristic race of the Laps, has been found in the dolmens and other neolithic sepultures in Denmark, Sweden, and the north of Russia. Its presence in Belgium appears to be established by one of the skulls of Sclaigneaux and by other remains.