Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 5.djvu/146

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Collective needs or tendencies

Functions

Institutions

Pathological facts

I.

So-called material needs.

Nourishment, clothing, shelter.

Victualing, exchange, transportation, communication.

Social economy.

Hygiene.

Police and collective defense.

Reproduction of social forms; social heredity.

Various devices: hunting, fishing, pastoral life, agriculture, industry.

Commercial and colonial institutions, transportation companies, railway and navigation companies; posts and telegraphs.

Money, credit; public treasure; appropriations and taxes.

Medical and pharmaceutical service; lazarettos, hospitals; cemeteries; public cleaning service.

Police; army and navy; diplomacy; spy system.

Marriage, family; educational institutions.

Social inertia.

do.

Bankruptcies; frauds; smuggling.

Devices for the ruin of the public health; alcoholism, debauchery.

War; treason; crime.

Depopulation; infanticide; prostitution; political struggles.

II.

Needs: (a) of the intellect (esprit).

(b) of the emotions (cœur).

Collective curiosity, social imagination; public opinion; common sense; collective judgment; objective knowledge.

Press and book-stores (newspapers, publications, books).

Literary meetings; academies, theaters.

Science; learned societies; libraries, laboratories, etc.

Superstition.

Error; excess of imagination.

Ignorance.

Social emotivity; aesthetic and religious sensibility.

Holidays; games; funeral ceremonies; amusement societies; artistic societies. Religions, cults, and churches.

Enthusiasms, panics; institutions for debauchery; fanaticism.