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 68 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGl

With few exceptions, the states have a distinct board for each institution. A few states have, however, sought to secure more efficient service by centralizing the direction of the several institutions in the hands of a single board. In some instances the several state hospitals for the insane have been placed under the direction of a single board.' Seven states (Kansas, Rhode Island, Arkansas, South Dakota, Wyoming, Iowa, and Wisconsin) have created state boards of control, and vested the management of all the state institutions for defectives in them.

Usually the legislatures have left the boards of directors free in the management of their respective institutions. They usually have power to appoint all necessary officers (or to appoint a superintendent and to confirm his appointments), and to fix their salaries. But two or three instances remain where, as in Mississippi and Nebraska, the governor appoints the superintend- ents of the several institutions.^ The legislature has, however, in a number of instances fixed the salaries of some, or all, of the officers of the institutions. ' In New York the salaries of the officers and employes connected with the hospitals for the insane are fixed by the Commission in Lunacy .■•

H. A. MiLLis.

The University of Chicago.

arranged as to be continuous bodies : Arizona, Connecticut, California, Colorado, Illi- nois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hamp- shire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia.

■ This is the case in New Jersey, Minnesota, and Texas.

= 2816; 3330.

' The salaries of some, or all, of the officers in the institutions of the following states are fixed by statute : Colorado, California, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Ohio, North Dakota, Nevada, and Washington. In a few instances, as in Indiana and Michigan, maximum salaries are fixed.

<38, ch. 545, Acts of 1896.