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 92 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

sixteen, girls under fourteen. Thus one table reports a greater number of children under fourteen than the other under fifteen and sixteen. The statistics of unemployment are as follows :

1 to 3 months 4 to 6 months 7 to 12 months

Males, - - - 65,677 47,454 12,664

Females, - - 18,827 9,891 3.546

The number engaged in manufactures as returned by enumerators of population is not published for cities, but we find for each city a table of selected industries, with a footnote stating that the aggregate given includes the number in all industries, whether specified or not.

Taking the city of Troy, N. Y., we find thus reported 8,451 females engaged in all industries, including 1,654 servants, besides not a few teachers, saleswomen, boarding-house keepers, etc. In the manufac- turing tables we find reported for this city 13,953 females above the age of fifteen engaged in manufacturing industry alone. Though the manufacturing returns for New York are evidently more complete than those for Nebraska, a comparison with the New York factory inspec- tor's report shows them deficient as to the number of females and children, especially the latter. According to the census there were but 2,063 children employed in the 25,403 establishments in the city of New York for which return was made.

According to the factory inspector's report, which gives the name of each establishment and the average number of employes therein, there were in the 2,147 establishments visited in the second district, which includes only that part of New York city south of Twenty-third street, 1,108 boys and 1,951 girls under sixteen years of age. For this year (1890) the inspection was declared by the chief inspector incomplete because of an insufficient number of deputies. In 1891 there was a fuller, but still very incomplete inspection, but 3,891 establishments in the second district being visited. In these, however, the average number was reported as, boys, 1,735; girls, 2,353. Thus, in that part of the city there are reported, in but a small proportion of the manufacturing establishments included in the census, double the number of children found by census enumerators in the whole city. In the cigar and tobacco industry in this city, the tables of occupation report 9,910 males and 4,975 females, while the manufacturing census shows 10,500 males, 6,772 females, and 164 children in 1,295 establishments. The New York factory inspection in 1890 extended to but 128 establish- ments in thisindustry, in which were reported 5,143 males, 6,757 females, and 469 children. In two establishments as many children are reported