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THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

that is if the non-manufacturing establishments are at all repre- sentative. That they are not fairly representative the writer is convinced, not because they exaggerate but because they fail to fully show the increase of female and child labor.

"Dry Goods, etc.," is represented by seventy-eight estab- lishments with 2715 employes in the former and 5651 in the latter period. The whole seventy-eight establishments have but about as many employes in the latter period as three of Chicago's largest department stores. In the list we find a num- ber of establishments classed as department stores, but not a single representative establishment such as Wanamaker's in Philadelphia or the Fair or Boston Store in Chicago. In the professional class we find three public libraries, an insignificant medical institute with 4 employes in the former and 8 in the latter period, and teaching. This teaching establishment is located in Delaware, with 59 male and 6 1 female teachers in the former and 40 males and 97 females in the latter period. According to the report of the Board of Education, but slightly over 8 per cent, of the teachers in Chicago schools are males. In Benton Harbor, Mich., but 5 per cent, of the teachers are males. As an indication of the proportion of females^ and children in mercantile establishments, and the relative impor- tance of such establishments, we present the results of a canvas of the larger establishments of this character in Chicago, made last August by the Illinois factory inspector, Mrs. Florence Kelly, who by act of the last legislature was given supervision of such establishments, and also the number of employes in manufacturing establishments as given in the factory inspector's report for 1896 :

MANUFACTURING STATISTICS.

CHICAGO AND COOK COUNTY.

Under 16

Over 16

Children

Girls

Boys

Females

Males

1 68

1,112

1,509

22,131

1,280