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 A PROGRAMME FOR SOCIAL STUDY 863

vidual which may be found in Small and Vincent's Introduc- tion to the Study of Society. '

In the first place, then, man is an animal. That is a fact which must never be left out of account. Many of his needs are animal needs. No new order of society or new adjustment of a social group is practicable or desirable that does not provide for these needs. Man is also a social being. He loves the companionship of his fellows. It is obvious that his socializa- tion is not yet complete. There are even those who seem to resist the socializing tendency and demand greater liberty, appar- ently understanding by liberty freedom from law, but such per- sons might well learn from the following lines of John Stuart Blackie :

"Some men by liberty swear not I ; The beasts of the forest are free ; The wild tornadoes that sweep the sky ;

The tempests that harrow the sea ; But man is a thing more divine ; With reasoned subjection, He makes his election, And bends with awe To sovereign law, And limits that wisely confine."

Man is also a being desiring aesthetic enjoyment. This is seen in the tattooing of the savage as well as in the adornment of the lady of fashion. He is also an intellectual being, having a desire for knowledge. This desire is manifested in every member of the human race. It is as obvious in the child, whose curiosity is proverbial, as in the aged, who are still anxious to learn something new ; in the gossip earnestly gather- ing bits of scandal as in the philosopher eager in his search after truth. Finally, man is a moral being, having a knowledge of right and wrong. These characteristics of man seem to ju the following classification of his desires: the desire for health, the desire for wealth, the desire for sociability, the desire for knowledge, the desire for beauty, the desire for righteousness. These desires, it is claimed, arc common in latent or variously