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 68 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

for technical training, 1 the friends of the Inner Mission have built up many useful institutions having the same end. Indeed these private and ecclesiastical experiments have often been pioneers in new realms of education, and their success has spurred the authorities to action and given data for methods. Girls are taught household industries. Domestic servants are trained for their occupation in homes significantly named from Martha, the busy housewife. It is found convenient and economical to connect these schools with day nurseries, hospitals, and homes for deaconesses, in order to utilize the apprentice labor. Trained sisters usually have charge of this department, and they seek to fit young women to be more efficient as wage earners or as mistresses in their own modest homes. Special inns or hospices are provided for young women who come to cities to seek employment. A friendless peasant girl, ignorant of the city, is in immediate peril when she arrives at the station, and such lodging places help to diminish the number of seductions of weak and untaught persons. Employment bureaus are connected with these temporary homes.

The factory system has produced another social need, the care of the homeless factory girls. Domestic servants require only temporary shelter, while factory girls who are away from home require a permanent boarding-house, where reading, music, recreation, and companionship may be enjoyed. A few such homes have been established, but the difficulties of man- agement are said to be great.

The Young Men's Associations correspond quite closely to our Young Men's Christian Associations. They are formed for young men of the laboring classes and also for those in mer- cantile employments. No religious creed is enforced upon the members, and there is no distinction between active ("con- verted") and associate members. But religious meetings are held and personal efforts for spiritual welfare are put forth. Groups of young soldiers may be found in the prayer meetings

f See A. SHAW : Municipal Government in Continental Europe.