Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 2.djvu/811

 THE PRESENT STATUS OF SOCIOLOGY IN GERMANY 795

the " robber system," without " violence, which ought to be used only in behalf of righteousness," begins socialization. Wille assures us that his "man of reason" will never hit upon "a lord- ship of one over another."

Wille's "free man of reason" is of course one of Nietzsche's "blonde beasts." "The free man of reason is conscienceless " (p. 103). He is selfish, otherwise he would be no " lord "(Herr), but a "slave." But all these lordly qualities do not hinder the "freeman of reason " from being a very civil member of any society. Wille thinks that in the men of today, particularly in the "free men of reason," "judgment and sympathy are suffi- ciently developed so that they may be told that it is possible for them to live better in agreement and order than in chaotic strife "(p. 204). If we would only leave people to themselves, after abolition of all violence and removal of all compulsion, they would get along among themselves quite well. There would no longer be any trace of Hobbes' bellum omnium contra omnes.

Wille pictures the society of the future somewhat after this fashion. Free competition in the most unrestricted form, and private property remain. To be sure private property amounts to an exclusion on one side, a limitation, and in anarchic society there should be no right of exclusion or limitation. Wille can- not construct a social order without private property and must consequently adopt this trivial contradiction into his system. For the guardianship of this private property a "protective alliance" (Schntsbiindms) will be formed which, however, as Wille assures us, will never develop into a sovereign state. It is essentially a "free union " which besides insures to the members the greatest advantages. Moreover the protection will not be secured by forcible means, but by " empirical correction." By this barbarous phrase Wille means, with T. G. Vogt, the improve- ment of men through public opinion and injurious reactions of tlu-ir conduct upon themselves. It will thus be "a human society free from moral authority and lordship, free from moral demands, from duties, from servile compunctions of conscience"

(P- 275).