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 THE THEORY OF COLONIZATION 259

Syracuse, Croton, Sybaris, or Tarentum. From the dimensions, magnificence, and opulence of the temples we may infer that religious worship received a large expansion. The Diana of the Ephesians must have ceased to be the chaste huntress of the Acroceraunian Mountains. No temple in the motherland can have possessed the wealth of that of Juno Lacinia at Croton. A Greek colony at Thurium, in Italy, anticipated all the world in establishing free, universal, and compulsory education. But in no field did Greater Greece shine more resplendently than in its production of a long series of scientific and philosophical ideas. Early Greek philosophy and science are almost exclusively col- onial. That transcendental physics of which Herbert Spencer is the latest and most illustrious representative, was founded by four Greek colonials Thales, Anaximenes, and Heraclitus, all of Miletus, and Empedocles of Agrigentum. The founder of the atomic philosophy, Leucippus, was probably also a Milesian. Another Milesian, Anaximander, initiated that philosophy of the unconditioned whose last phasis appeared in the encounter be- tween Mill and Mansel in 1867. Pythagoras founded at Croton that philosophy of numbers of which Boole and Jevons, Edge- worth and Pierce, are the modern spokesmen. Xenophanes, Parmenides, and Zeno laid at Elea the bases of that absolute idealism which culminated in Hegel. Porphyry, a Syrian colon- ist, continued the tradition of neo-Platonism that found its last expression in Schelling. Aristippus, of the African colony of Cyrene, was perhaps the originator of that hedonism in ethics whose latest advocate was Henry Sidgwick. Another Cyrenaean, Carneades, who was not, however, a Cyrenaic, led a reaction to Plato, as Thomas Hill Green, in our own days, headed a return to Kant. In pure science, Euclid himself was hardly a greater dis- coverer than the Sicilian Archimedes, who also ranks among the many martyrs of science. Epicharmus was the colonial parallel to Menander; Theocritus created the idyl; and the Lost Tales of Miletus were probably also a new literary departure. Asia Minor, Magna Graecia, and Sicily were the America, Australia, and New Zealand of Hellas.

No radiance of idealism tinged the foundation of Roman