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THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

panics' figures, to consider the balance as the approximate num- ber of Italians who during the three years have left the United States. Proceeding in such manner, we have the following table, in which the calendar and not the fiscal year is used : 2

TABLE V

Year

Italians Sailed from the United States

Italians Arrived

1001 ..

32,266

143,071

1002..

48,684

201,260

1 003..

8VH4

235,088

Total

164,283

57Q.4IQ

The number of Italians, then, who left the United States in the three years represents, as the largest approximate number, a little more than one-fourth of the total number arrived in the same period.

Uniting the data derived from the last two tables with the general considerations, it may be seen that Italian immigration is not temporary in character, but a permanent contribution to the American population. Observation and knowledge of general conditions in those regions of Italy whence flows the stream of immigration into the United States, as well as into the other parts of the globe toward which the Italians direct their emigra- tion, strengthen the opinion already expressed. It is certain that among the enormous mass of Italians arrived and arriving in this

1 From the official publications of the Italian government for the calendar years 1902 and 1903 we have the following data in regard to the passengers arrived at the ports of Naples and Genoa from the United States :

1903

93

Arrived at Genoa

7,859

5,571

Arrived at Naples

44,357

73,663

59,316

78.333

These figures include all passengers landed in Italy, either Italians or for- eigners. The totals are different from those derived from the calculation made upon the figures supplied by the navigation companies, but they only tend to confirm our conclusion in regard to the small number of Italian immigrants in the United States who go back to Italy.