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 112 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY

times who accept the republic, being unable to kill it. The "Csesarians" are Imperialists. Victor Napoleon is their Caesar, but if this Caesar will not come and reign over them, they are ready to accept anyone else, so great is their longing for an emperor. " Nationalist " is a name born of the Dreyfus affair, which severed all party ties and mixed men together regardless of political groupings. They are, however, now beginning to separate, and to align themselves according to policies and affini- ties. The Nationalists are recruited, in large part, from the ele- ments which constituted Boulangism. They have no definite program, because they are such a miscellaneous collection. They loudly proclaim their " love of country and militarism." Many of them were Anti-Semites ; some of them, but a constantly decreas- ing number, are Socialists; and all of them were "Anti- Dreyfusards." Their principal organs in Paris are La Patrie, La Presse, L } cho de Paris, L'Eclair, L'Intransigeant, and Le Petit Journal. La Patrie issues 90,000 copies daily. Its manager, fimile Massard, is at present a member of the Municipal Council of Paris. Some twenty years ago he was a Revolutionary Social- ist, as were Jules Guesde and Paul Laf argue. M. Millevoye, the Nationalist deputy, who was formerly a Bonapartist, is its editor- in-chief. La Presse has a circulation of 70,000. These two papers are much read in the evening in Paris. Both of them belong to Jules Jaluzot, the Liberal Republican deputy, who is one of the principal owners of the great dry-goods house of "Le Printemps." L'Echo de Paris, managed by Henri Simond, who became a millionaire through his marriage to the widow of M. Recipon, has a circulation of 100,000 copies. It is a very well-written paper, with an able editorial staff. L'clair, nomi- nally managed by M. Sabatier, but now owned by M. Jubet, for- merly editor of Le Petit Journal, is in reality the work of Alphonse Humbert and G. Montorgueil. The former is editori- ally responsible and dictates the politics of the paper. He is an ex-president of the Municipal Council of Paris, and an ex-deputy. Upon the suppression of the Commune in 1871, he was con- demned and sent to prison, where he remained ten years. L 'Eclair has a daily sale of more than 100,000 copies. It is one of the best