Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 10.djvu/569

 REVIEWS 553

better and more useful than those of the drunkard that is all. As determinists, we must judge the deeds and not the doers, who, all conditions being given, could not help doing them. " La division du travail " and " Evolution et revolution " are the subjects of chaps. 8 and 9. In chap. 10 the communalistic form of the revolution, which seems dear to Kropotkin, is examined. The territorial federation does not seem desirable to M. Naquet, as he is inclined to consider it a regression. He believes in a future federation of the groups of producers all over the world, these groups being divided into a multi- tude of subgroups (pp. 158, 159). M. Naquet is at the same time right and wrong. He is right in believing in a federation of the groups of producers. He is wrong in considering the territorial federation as a regression. Both things will happen : on the eco- nomic side, grouping of the producers and federation of the groups ; on the political side, grouping of the individuals in territorial units, which we may call communes, and federation of these groups. We say that both things will take place, because already in our actual societies we see the embryo of the two phenomena. The workers of the same territorial unit, of the same commune, will syndicate in dis- tinct corporative groups. On the one hand, these groups combine in the commune to form what is called in France the bourses de travail, which form regional federations and also unite in the nation to form the " Federation nationale des bourses de travail de France." On the other hand, the corporative groups of the same profession unite in the region and in the nation, and the national federations thus formed group themselves, according to professions, in the " Federation Inter- nationale." This is the case at least with a few professions, as miners, dock laborers, glove-makers. We see that even in the federa- tions developed on the economic line the starting-point is the com- mune, or the territorial unit. Simple reflection will show that the federation of those territorial units that is, of the citizens living in those communes will be forced upon them, because the neighboring communes have common interests, more or less independent of other and more distant groups. M. Naquet therefore is mistaken in seeing a regression in the territorial federations. Apart from this, his criti- cism of Kropotkin's ideas is extremely just. The " Principe d'autorite dans 1'anarchie " is examined in chaps. 11-13. O n this sub- ject the author concludes his remarks with these words : " In Words of a Rebel and The Conquest of Bread Kropotkin, the man of science, has given place to the novelist." This is a severe, but appro-