Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 10.djvu/53

 THE SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY 4 1

(4) Improved highways.

(5) Improved water-ways.

7. Means of communication.

a) Postal systems.

b) Telegraph and telephone systems.

c) Minor improvements ; e. g., tubular posts, messenger service, organization of news service, etc.

8. Achievement in the art of printing and in methods of publication.

9. Achievement in trade and commerce.

a) Improvement in machinery for bringing buyer and seller together ; produce exchanges, etc.

b) Commercial banking and credit.

c) Savings institutions.

d) Insurance.

e) International commerce.

f) Domestic commerce. 10. Shipbuilding.

DIVISION III. ACHIEVEMENT IN HARMONIZING HUMAN RELATIONS.

/. e., in adjusting relations of groups to groups and of individuals to indi- viduals in the process of securing proportional shares in political, industrial, and social opportunity; t. e., achievement in harmonizing claims respecting primarily

A. POLITICAL RIGHTS.

B. INDUSTRY AND PROPERTY.

C. OPPORTUNTIES FOR CULTURE.

These may be indicated more in detail as follows, viz. : A. POLITICAL ACHIEVEMENT.

1. Between nations within the international-law group.

a) Achievement in definition of rights through alliances, treaties, spheres of interest, mediation, arbitration, etc.

b) Achievement in securing international peace, and in improving articles of war.

2. Between the international-law group and other peoples.

a) Administration of dependencies.

b) International status of non-civilized peoples.

3. Adjustment of political balance between minor political units and the central power (local self-government).

4. Achievement in admission of individuals and classes to civic rights.

5. Achievement in civic organization.

a) Responsibilities of ministries.

b) Enhanced representative character of parliaments.

c) Enlistment of expert service in administration (including all branches civil and military).