Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 10.djvu/51

 THE SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY 39

15. Cooking schools.

16. Disposal of the dead.

17. Disposal of garbage and sewage.

18. Physical culture, gymnastics, health resorts.

19. Athletic sports.

DIVISION II. ACHIEVEMENT IN PRODUCING WEALTH.

A. Two POINTS OF VIEW :

1. Achievement in each industry.

2. Achievement in each country.

/. '., the composite view must include total achievement in all indus- tries in all countries. Another double-view point is:

1. Achievement in production merely.

2. Achievement in accumulation.

B. CERTAIN FORMS OF ACHIEVEMENT COMMON TO ALL INDUSTRIES:

1. Improved tools and machinery.

2. In use of waste and by-products.

3. Increase in amount of capital invested in machinery.

4. Greater skill in laborers.

5. Improved managerial ability.

6. Improved processes of production.

7. Standardizing of weights and measures.

8. Improved industrial organizations.

a) In division of labor.

b) In size of plant.

c) In co-ordination with other industries; i. e., fuel, ore, transporta- tion, and factory in hands of one organization.

9. Localization of industry.

a) With respect to nearness of raw material.

b) With respect to nearness of labor.

c) With respect to nearness to market.

10. Increased regularity of production.

11. New uses for materials and products.

12. Improved means of storing and preserving products.

13. Achievement in the development of motor power.

14. Bounties, tariffs, subsidies, patents, etc., as stimuli of production.

C. ACHIEVEMENT IN THE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES : I. Extractive industry.

a) Agriculture and grazing.

b) Stock-breeding.

c) Fisheries.

d) Forestry.

e) Exploitation of mineral resources, including oil and gas.