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394 whether there is no need of "philanthrophy" in the regulation of industry. It would be interesting to know what a factory would be worth in a community where "sentiment" had died of asphyxia, and where the interest of one class was left to determine the terms on which industry should be conducted.

It is not denied that the sense of fairness and justice is strong in business men; but we do claim that without strong ethical feeling organized for common action, the meanest employer sets the pace for all those who really desire to be honorable and fair.

Take an example from the phenomena of women's wages. Here sentiment is a powerful factor in reducing wages. While the working girl is despised for kitchen labor; while the occupations open to women are overcrowded because the prejudices of both men and women close others; so long will women suffer from removable causes. So Professor Walker says: "What is the remedy? Agitation and the diffusion of correct ideas. Let gifted women continue to appeal for public respect and sympathy for their sisters in work; let the schools teach that public opinion may powerfully affect wages, and that nothing which depends on human volition is inexorable! . . . Efforts like these will not fail to strengthen and support woman in her resort to market." There is one field of practice in which a social scholar as a citizen must enter,—the field of local government. His activity may be limited, but here he fights for his altar and hearth. It is true that here again he meets the hostility or merry contempt of a certain class of "practical" men. Now it is the turn of the scholar to find himself in company with the merchant, and both of them classed by politicians as "laymen." The local leaders of intrigue give both to understand that they are out of place and that they may as well let the machine alone,—it is too complicated and mysterious for gentlemen to manage.

But it cannot really be impertinent for a scholar to deal with those practical affairs which touch every interest of his life as a citizen, a father, a patriot and an idealist. It may not be pleasant work to fight petty robbers in defense of his little property, the school of his children, the supply of light and protection, and