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 838 Reviews of Books his fears were baseless, the union of such extended territories under the two branches of the Catholic house of Hapsburg lent some color to them. His religious zeal therefore ver}' naturally found vent in an anti-Hapsburg policy, in which however the religious element was but one of several causes of antagonism, and in the author's opinion, by no means the dominant one. The Protestant interest was swallowed up in this anti- Hapsburg policy, and apart from this, the author believes, played no great role in the actual course of events. Or, as he expresses it, in speeches and in conversation the Protestant interest had first place, but it " loses this foremost position when looked at from the standpoint of his action and diplomacy." Dr. Bowman distinguishes however between this general Protestant interest, as he calls it, and the interference of Cromwell in favor of persecuted Protestants in Catholic states, where the Protector appears as the effective champion of toleration. The pamphlet has the usual number of typographical errors to be expected in an English work printed in Germany, some of which unfortu- nately have crept into the foot-notes, making it not always easy to verify the references. There are, too, an astonishing number of inaccuracies in the quotations, which, though usually trifling in character, are never- theless a distinct blemish. The pamphlet is to be recommended to all who are specially interested in the Cromwellian period. Unfortunately, it is already out of print. Guernsey Jones. A knowledge of Mazzini's writings is indispensable to an understand- ing of the undercurrents of European history and politics from 1830 to 1870, for he was not only the recognized leader of the " Revolution" in Italy and the chief foreign adviser of the French Reds, but he was also the friend of Herzen, the Russian revolutionist, and of the Spanish Republicans. An excellent volume of selections from Mazzini's writ- ings has been made by Signora Jessie White Mario with the title Sciitti Scelti di Giuseppe Mazzini (Florence, G. C. Sansoni). It contains representative specimens of Mazzini's personal, literary, political and philosophical writings. The historical student will find among them documents of great importance, such as the letter to Charles Albert, the Statutes of Young Italy, the terrific invective_ addressed to De Tocque- ville and Falloux, and passages from some of the famous pamphlets, " Faith in the Future," " Italy and Rome," etc. Signora Mario adds greatly to the value of the selections by furnishing biographical and other notes, in which she gives from her personal knowledge many facts that hardly anyone else now living could give. So the volume is Maz- zinian through and through. Italian Influences. By Eugene Schuyler. (New York, Scribner, 1901, pp. 435.) This volume contains twenty-three articles by the late Eugene Schuyler. Three-quarters of them were contributed to the N'ation in the years 1887-1889, and they all have a real cosmopolitan flavor, be-