Page:American Historical Review vol. 6.djvu/657

 Tlic Republic of San JMariiio 647 He added : " Here we will lay down our arms ; here shall cease the war of Italian independence." The senior captain replied that he had ordered rations to be prepared for the Garibaldians, and that he would intercede with the Austrian commander, the Archduke Ernst, on their behalf. The archduke would hear at first of noth- ing but an unconditional surrender, but subsequently contented him- self with demanding Garibaldi's exile to America. To this the great leader would not agree ; early in the morning he wrote to the cap- tains a laconic letter, still treasured in the Sammarinese archives, saying : " The conditions imposed on me by the Austrians are un- acceptable, and therefore we shall evacuate your territory." He then quitted San Marino, and, thanks to the aid of a Sammarinese, Nicola Zani, who was still alive when I was at San Marino in 1899, made his way through the Austrian lines. Those of his followers who had not gone with him but remained outside the city at first threatened to man the fortifications and hold the place against all comers. But the natives closed the gates and prepared to defend themselves. At last the Garibaldians all laid down their arms, and received from the captains passports and two paoli (i s. 8 d.) each. The Austrians were then invited to take up their quarters in the Republican territory, and the archduke made his temporary abode in the house of Borghesi, the famous numismatist, who (like the historian, Delfico, at an earlier period) lived for years an honored citizen of San Marino. No one ever compensated the little republic for its expenses on the occasion of Garibaldi's visit, but the govern- ment was thankful to escape, even with some pecuniary loss, the danger of being placed between the Austrian hammer and the Gari- baldian anvil.' Two years later, however, the Austrian and papal forces sur- rounded the Republican territory, and demanded the surrender of all foreigners who had taken refuge there. The government invited the Austrians to come and search for themselves, and they did so. Pius IX., unfavorably disposed to the Apennine Republic for the shelter it had given to the Roman Republicans, took further advan- tage of the assassination of the Secretary of State and two other per- sons to suggest a joint occupation by the papal and Tuscan forces. Napoleon III., however, put his veto on this proceeding, and sent an envoy to study the state of affairs and offer the protection, and, if 'See on this subject, Brizi, Le Bande Garibaldine a S. Marino; Modoni, Stil Titano ; Franciosi, GarilialJi e la Rcpubblica di S. Marino ; Simoncini, G. Garibaldi e L'go Bassi in San Marino (by the keeper of the cafe, where they stayed) ; and the Niimero Wi/irc,' published on the opening of the New Palace in 1894, which contains much curious matter. Also, Pall Mall Gazette, July 31, 1899.