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 698 Reviews of Books and Spain. The foot-notes, though not numerous, are ahnost uniformly good. That on p. 411 seems open to criticism. Madison says, speak- ing of Adams in a letter to Jefferson, January 10, 1801, " The follies of his administration, the oblique stroke at his Predecessor in the letter to Coxe, and the crooked character of that to T. Pinkney, are working powerfully against him." Under the name of " T. Pinkney " Mr. Hunt says, in a foot-note, " Pickering is meant ". It seems much more natural to suppose no error, but to infer that the reference is to Adams's conciliatory letter of October 27, 1800, to Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina, called out by the publication of his unfortunate letter of May, 1792, to Tench Coxe, and by Pinckney's request for an explanation. It is not easy to reconcile one's self to the mode of arrangement which the editor has followed in the case of letters contemporary with the public papers printed. The principle has been to give the latter the first place, at the top of the pages, and to " run in " the letters below, in smaller type, though elsewhere letters have a larger type than docu- ments. Letters, documents, foot-notes, and even foot-notes to foot-notes, run across from page to page in such a manner that we sometimes have on the same page four strata of typography. Thus on pp. 43-123, beneath the newspaper contributions, we have twenty-seven letters, forty-seven foot-notes to the text and foot-notes to foot-notes, and a group of documents, the most interesting of all, relative to Washington's proposed farewell address of 1792. The effect is both ugly and con- fusing. Puhhlica Dimostrazione di Simpatia per il Papa Pio IX. e per I'ltalia avvenuta a New Yorkj Lunedi zg Novembre 184/, tratta dai Rendiconti inglesi di quell'anno, con Prefazione, Note, ed Appendici, di H. Nelson Gay. (Roma, Roux e Viarengo; Boston, N. J. Bartlett and Company, 1907, pp. 94.) With this volume Mr. H. Nelson Gay begins what promises to be a useful series of publications on the more important phases of the Relations betivccn the United States and Italy, 184/- i8ji. The book relates to a great mass-meeting held in New York in favor of Italian independence, the first gathering of this character con- vened outside Italy. The greater part of the volume is an Italian trans- lation of the rare report of the Proceedings, prepared under the super- vision of the committee of arrangements. The report, which includes letters and addresses from several of the most prominent citizens of the United States, welcoming as an extension of popular constitutional government the reforms instituted by the new Pope, constitutes one of the earliest and truest declarations of faith in a free and united Italy. No historian of either country mentions the meeting, yet it is important as a declaration of American public opinion and as marking the begin- ning of a quarter of a century of good relations between the United States and the constitutio»al states of Italy. The volume contains a brief preface and appendixes including sketches based in part upon unpublished documents of the lives of the