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 456 Notes and News ITALY, SPAIN The recently-published third vohime of the Atti del Congrcsso Inter- nationale di Science Storiche contains, among many other important contributions, one by Mgr. Duchesne on the bishoprics of Italy and the Lombard invasions, one by Dr. Pastor on private libraries (especially those of the princely families of Rome), and one by the Count C. A. de Sonnaz on Louis of Savoy. Professor W. F. Butler has published through Mr. Unwin The Lom- bard Communes: History of the Republics of North Italy (pp. 496). A new translation of The Florentine History of Machiavelli has- been made by Mr. Ninian Hill Thomson and published through Con- stable and Company of London. The historical congress of the Italian Risorgimento, which met in Milan November 6-9, was limited in scope, but for this reason it accom- plished more definite results than it is customary to expect from gath- erings of this character. Its labors were confined to Italian history of the period 1796-1870, and resulted not only in bringing out a number of important historical papers, and the discussion of urgent questions of method and organization, but succeeded in arranging for the estab- lishment of a permanent historical association, with a historical review devoted exclusively to this period of history, as its organ. A further result was an excellent temporary exhibition of documents, the cata- logue of which will be an important contribution to bibliographical knowledge. The organization of the permanent historical association, Societa Storica del Risorgimento, will resemble in many ways the American Historical Association ; like the latter its annual meetings will be held in rotation in different cities of Italy. The publication of the Rivista Storica del Risorgimento Italiano, which after the completion of three volumes, 1895-1900, under the able direction of Professor Beniamino Manzoni, was discontinued for want of funds, is to be re- sumed ; the review will serve as the organ of the association. Among the important questions discussed at the congress was that of the sys- tematization of material in the Risorgimento museums (resembling in character the museum of the Old South Church in Boston) which exist in most of the principal cities of Italy. The publication of a general bibliography of the Risorgimento was discussed, but unfortunately no decision was arrived at. About two hundred and fifty members sub- scribed to the congress, including almost all the well-known historians of Italy, and a few foreigners. Among the papers read were the fol- lowing: Serafino Ricci, on medals in the history of the Risorgimento: Enrico Ghisi, on the Italian tricolor, 1796-1814; William Roscoe Thayer, on Cavour and Bismarck ; H. Nelson Gay, on the relations be- tween the United States and Italy, 1847-1871 ; Commander Weill, on Austrian policy with regard to Murat, 1814-1815; G. Capasso, on at- tempts to effect the escape of Settembrini from the dungeon of S. Stefano, 1855-1859: and Jules Gay, on F.dgar Quinet and Italy.