Page:American Historical Review, Volume 12.djvu/374

 364 Reviews of Books (1526). These deal chiefly with the doctrine of justification by works, and are directed mainly against two priests belonging to the Brethren of the Common Life at Amersfoort, who were handed over to the secular authorities as heretics in 1526. In them Dr. Pijper has discovered two forgotten "martyrs of the Reformation" (p. 539). Hoogstraten's treatise interests the editor because of its out-and-out Pelagianism and its clear doctrine of salvation by works; he contrasts it in certain ways with the far superior Confiitatio ponfificia, presented in 1530 at the Diet of Augsburg. The previous volumes of the series are Polcmische Geschriften der Hervonningsgesinden (ed. Pijper, 1903), a reprint of eleven tracts; and Het Offer des Heeren (ed. S. Cramer, 1904), containing hymns and the oldest collection of letters by Anabaptist martyrs. Subventions from learned societies in Holland assure the continuance of the publication, destined to be an indispensable tool of abiding value for students of the movements connected with the names of Erasmus, Luther, Calvin, and of the Anabaptist leaders, as well as of the history of the Roman Church in the Netherlands. William W.^lker Rockwell. BaUhasar Hiibiiiaicr, the Leader of the Anabaptists. By Henry C. Vedder, Professor of Church History in Crozer Theological Seminary. [Heroes of the Reformation, edited by Samuel Macauley Jackson.] (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1905. Pp. xxiv, 333.) " If Luther had been crushed at Worms as Hus had been at Con- stance, we might now read as little of him as we do of Hiibmaier ", a man who in " learning, in character, in eloquence . . . was not less fitted for leadership than Luther or Zwingli " (p. 153). Even if one takes exception to this estimate, it is worth while to possess so careful a study of the only Anabaptist leader for whose biography fairly full material exists. The first complete life of Hiibmaier in English, and the third in any language, the present work incorporates much that was valuable in Hoschek and in Loserth, and also rests on most pains- taking reference to the writings of Hiibmaier himself. After a preliminary sketch of " The Anabaptists and the Reforma- tion " the author follows the fortunes of Hiibmaier, telling the little that is known of his promising university career while under the influence of Johann Eck at Freiburg and Ingolstadt, then outlining his picturesque activity as a popular preacher in Regensburg and in Waldshut, and detailing the various steps whereby he was led to embrace the Zwinglian position and at length to identify himself in 1525 with the Anabaptists. The author sides with those who maintain that Hiibmaier revised and commented on the Twelve Articles of the insurgent peasants, but prob- ably did not compose them. The nearly simultaneous discussion of infant baptism at Zurich Dr. Vedder ascribes not to the influence of