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 waters of, 145; necessity of coaling station in, between San Francisco and China, 146; expedition to, see Japan Expedition; Perry, Matthew Calbraith; Aulick succeeded by Perry in command of Japan expedition, 147; consternation in, caused by arrival of Perry, 151; copies of President's letter sent to principal daimios of, 159; preparations of, for return of Perry, 159; negotiation of first treaty with, 162; treaty between United States and (1854), 164, 165; results of Japan expedition on, 166; treaty between Great Britain and (1854), 166; treaties of, with other nations, 166; appreciation of Commodore Perry's service by, 168; first American vessel arrives in, after treaty is signed, 171; Townsend Harris appointed consul-general to, 172; opposition to Consul-General Harris in, 175; treaty of United States with (1857), 175; delivery of President's letter to emperor of, by Harris, 176; treaty between United States and (1858), 182; treaty between Great Britain and (1858), 183; treaties of, with Russia and France (1858), 183; embassy from, to United States (1860), 184; relations of Mikado and Shogun in, 187; anti-foreign feeling in, 188; murder of secretary of United States legation in, 188; murder of Richardson in, 189; indemnity demanded of, for murder of Richardson, 189; continued anti-foreign demonstrations in, 189; American legation in, burned by rioters, 189; American minister retires to Yokohama at request of government of, 190; indemnities paid by, for burning of American legation and murder of secretary, 190; Shogun issues order closing ports and expelling foreigners from, 190; American minister protests against order expelling foreigners from, 19 ; co-operative policy of United States in, 191; Pruyn induces withdrawal of order against foreigners in, 192; Prince of Choshiu closes strait of Shimonoseki in, 192; indemnity for Shimonoseki affair paid by, 194; United States returns share of Shimonoseki indemnity to, 194; Ito and Inouye secretly leave, for Europe, 195; effect of Richardson and Shimonoseki affairs on policy of, 195; Mikado sanctions treaties between powers and, 195; repeal of decree prohibiting Japanese from leaving, 197; return to Yedo of American minister to, 197; contest between Shogun and Mikado for government of, 197; Shogun surrenders government of, to Mikado, 198; Shogun's followers continue civil war in, 198; Mikado grants audience to foreign ministers to, 198; Mutsuhito becomes Mikado of, 199; daimios of, surrender feudal rights to Mikado, 199; native Christians in, when treaties made, 200; hostility of government to native Christians in, 200; United States protests against hostility to Christianity by government of, 200; effect of reforms on international relations of, 201; United States foremost in development of, 201; early relations of Korea with, 307; attempt of, to reinstate suzerainty over Korea, 319; treaty between Korea and (1876), 320; Korean embassy to, 321; attempt of, to secure predominant influence in Korea, 331; rivalry of, and China in Korea causes war of 1894, 332; places interests of subjects in China in hands of United States, 335; war of 1894 between China and, see Chinese- Japanese War; treaty of peace between China and (1895), 340; cession to, by China of Liaotung Peninsula, Formosa, and Pescadores Islands, 340; part taken by Americans in peace negotiations between China and, 341; letter of thanks from emperor of, to President, 341; note on Gen. Grant's opinion of military power of, 342; exterritorial and tariff provisions of treaties with, 344; Iwakura embassy to secure revision of treaties with, 345; failure of Iwakura embassy to secure abandonment of exterritoriality by powers in, 348; course to be pursued by, on failure of Iwakura embassy, 349; reforms instituted in, 349; part taken by Americans in reformation of, 350; visit of Gen. Grant to, in 1879, 350; progress of reforms in, 351; again, in 1878, attempts to secure revision of the treaties, 352; injustice of tariff pro-