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 French," in which he required that it should be stipulated that the Catholic worship be declared free, that a site for a Catholic church be given by the government, and that it deposit with the commander $20,000 as a guarantee for the execution of the stipulation. To these conditions he added later that the law which had been enacted to keep out liquors be so modified as to allow of the introduction of French liquors at a duty of five per cent., which was a virtual abolition of all temperance laws. The demand of the Artemise included a notice that if the government did not sign a treaty covering these stipulations, "war will immediately commence, and all the devastation, all the calamities which may be the unhappy but necessary results."

Notice was also served upon the British and American consuls that unless the demands were complied with by the 13th, he would open fire upon the town, and offering refuge and protection on his vessel to their countrymen. But to the latter consul he added that the American Protestant clergy would be treated as a part of the native population when hostilities should begin. The king was absent at one of the distant islands, and the French commander, refusing to await his return, forced the prime minister and the governor of Oahu to sign the treaty. To make the humiliation of the Hawaiians more complete, the commander brought his crew on shore in military array with fixed bayonets, and caused a mass to be celebrated in one of the king's summer houses. However much the king and his advisers may have been in error, the conduct of the French government was entirely unjustifiable and would only